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tr degree of ligl\lnefs and fluidiry from rhar opemion.
The analyós ~f a vegetablc Illbl!.,"ce, Ihews what may
be ohtained from them when ddltlled in clote velfels,
wirh a gradu" ted heat, from lhM of builing W3ter, ro
Ih:\I which convem rhe mixt ro a perfea coal; viz.
phlegm, an .cid, a light oil, much air, and a ll,ick oil.
HUI lhis . nalyós is far from being a complele one: il
may he carried much farrher, and made more perfeél.
l\one of lhe principies obraineJ by this analylis are
pur~, ómple, and lhoroughly Ceparaled from lhe rdl.
·I1tcy are IIdl in fome meafure btended aU togelher:
Ihell leparalion is but begun; and each reqnires a lecond
anJ more aceurare analytis, 10 reduce it to rhe greatcfl
degree of puriry of which it is c.pablc. The oil and
tbe .ICd chlefly merir fo much pains.
A great deal of the acid of lhe plant remains, como
bine.! with lhe 1100 fom of oil here obrained; which
we have reaCon ro think dilfer no otherwife from one
.nolher; lhan as there is more Or Icfs acid unired with
eac~ . The befl way of freeing thefe oils Crom lheir re·
dunJant . cld is to di(liU rhem frequently from alhlis anrl
abru'ben\s.
T he atid is in theCame circum(lances nearlyas the oil.
T he fir(l rhat rifes is morrified Wilh much water, tO
which it owes a good deal of irs volalilily nat which
comes over la(l is much more concentraled, and cOAfe·
quentl y beavier; yel ir is lIiU very .queous. Ir mighl
be freed in a grea! mcafure from lhis aJ.enririous water,
and Co recdered much (lronger; which woulJ gi.e us a
bener opportunity tOdircol'er its oature and propenics,
of which we koow but very linle.
Warer is 001 the only heterogeneous rub(lance that
difguifcs the vegelable acid: a preuy conóderable quan·
tity of the oil of lhe plant is alCo combined \Vith ir, and
conlaminates its purity. The proof 01rhis is, that when
theCe acids are kepl, in the fame condition in which they
lirfl come over, for any length of time, in a glafs l'elfel,
tbeygraJuaUy depoóte, on the bonolll and fides of the
velfel, an oily incrufiarion, which gro\V~ thicker and
Ihicker tbe longer il (lands; and, as this oily mat·
ter Ceparates fromit, lhe acid liquoe appears lefs unélu·
ous and faponaceous.
A .ery good w'ay tO feparare this oil more effeéluaUy
from the acid is to combine the whole wirh abCorbents,
and abfiraél the oil again by ditlillarion. Hy this means
a .ery fenfible quant ity of oi! may be Ceparated rhat lOas
Dot perceived before.
The air, that is difcharged \Virh impetllOfity in the o·
peration, and nmll be let out, is loadcd with many pae·
tieles of acid and oil eeduced 10 vapours, whleh it cmies
off; and by rhis means rhe qllantity of the principies
cxrraéled fromthe mixr Cannor be accuratelyderermined:
nor are the vapoues, of which the vclrds r<main full af·
ter rheoptr4rion, any orher lhanpanides of acid and oil,
which the violenee of rhe file hath earefied exceeJingly,
.;¡nd which do nor eafily condenfe.
If we di!lill in rhi, manner a vegerable aromadc fub·
(lance, whieh 01' courfe conuins an elfential oil, provided
ir hath nOl been previouflyexméled by rhe appeopriatcd
procefs,. rhiselremial oil will rife fidl,!s loon as rhe .
liog vefiel acquim the heat of bOlltng wme: but lrs
s T R Y.
fCent wil.1nor be near Co (weet or grareful, a, if il were
dltldled rn the mannee before direéled as propmll foe it.
On th~ contrary, it will h..'e an empyeeumatic rmell:
becaule .in this way it is iOlpollible to avoid [corching,
and of rhe maller di(lilled; efpecially
thal pan of u whtch touches the fide, of the morl.
Moreover, the very fa me equable degree of heat can
hardly be kepr up \Vuh a naked fire. The elrenll,1 oil
therefore, though il eifes fidl, will nor be pure, but con.
taminated \Virh a mixtuee of the empyreumatic oil thal
fir!! comes over, and will be confounded rherewith.
Mol! vegerable fubflances, when dt!lilled with a fi rong
fiee, yield lhe fame principies with that \Vbich lOe ha.e
chofen for an in(lance. Enrire plants of rhi, kind, rhoCe
from \Vhich rhe odoeous principie; Ihe elrenrial oil, oe
rhe fat oil, hath been drawn, rhofe of which extraéls
have becn made by infufion or decoélion, or the exrr.éls
themletves; all fuch maller being dinilled yield a phlcgm,
an acid, a thin oil, aie, and a lhick oil; and the pro.
duélsof lheie feveral analyfes difl'ee from each other, on–
Iy on account of rhe dlffeeent quanriryor proponion that
each contains of the principies heee enumeraled.
Hut there are many'other planrs, which, befides rhefe
CubUances, yield allo a confiderable quanliry of. vola–
tile alkaline f,¡lt. This property'is polrelred ehiefiy by
lhar !tibe of pldnrs which is dilltnguilhed by haring eru.
c!form fiowers . among whieh lhere are Come rhat, being
analrred, gready reiemble animal·matlces. We /hall now
aca!tCe one of thefe ; muflard·Ceed, foe in!lance.
r o allali[, a Y'!,eta6t. SI/ojla." 'Which yi</dl Ih,
lam, Pr;nc;pln al ." obta;lJd 1,.1/1 An;''''/'1f/Q/.
1m : ilJjlandd in Mujlardj,,¿.
WITH an appaeatus like rhat of the preceding pro.
cefs, and wirh the Came fiee, di(lill mllfiaed·Ceed. Wilb
a degree 01 heat, inferior to thar of boiling waler, there
will come over a pldegm fomewhal coloured, and im.
pregnated wirh a volatile alkaline Calr. Wirh a degree
of heat, greatee than tbat of boiling warer, rhe fame
kind of phlegm, impregn.ted \Vith rhe fame Calt, wiU
conrinue ro come over; but it wiU be mueh highee co·
lou red, and will be aecompanied with a light oil. At
this rime a con iderable qllanlity of alr is difeharged;
with eegard 10 which the fa me prec.uuous muJl be raken
., in diUilling Guaiacum.
.H lhe fire be gradually raifed, there will come over a
bldck thick oil. lighrer however thao warer; and at the
[ame time vapours will rife, and, condenfing on rhe fides
of rhe receiver. form inro Cprings oe ramifications. Thi,
r5 a volatile alk.line , in a concrete form, like that oC
anlmals, as \Ve /hall bereaftee (ee. Thefe vapours are
much \Vhiter·than lhofe of Guaiacum,
When you have tlws drawn off, \Virh a very Ilrong
fire, all the volatile alkali and thick'oll contained in the
fu bjdl, theee will be nothing left in the relOrl but • Con
of cnal, from which a Cmall quantiry of phofPhorus may
be obtained, provided the reton you emplóy foe tha!
purpofe be good cnough to (l,nd a very violent hcar.
Mu(tard-feed furni/hes us wirh an in!lance of a ve·
get"blc, feom which \Ve obrain, by analifi ng ir, the
very fame principies that animal·maners yield. lolle.d
of