1000000030

ni!hed, yon will find in Ihe rceeivcr a reflified dTential

oil, which will be clearer, thinner, .nd b<lIer feenurl

than befole it w,s Ihu! hl'lore re·dillillcd ; and in the

bOllomof the cucurbil will be lerl a malter of a deeprr

colour, more tcnacious, more refi nous, and of a

Icfs

grateful Imell.

Effential oil!, even Ihe purell, the bell prepared , and

lhe thinnel!,

foff,~r

greal

chan~es,

and are much impair.

td by growing old : Ihey gradn.llly lurn thiek and refino

ous; their f",eet, grmful feent is 1011, .nd fucceeded by

a more difagreeable fmell, fomewhat like Ihat or torpen·

lineo

The caufe of thefe ehanges is, that their finefl and

moll vol"ile part, that whirh eontains mol! of the odor·

ous principie, is diflipatcd and feparated fro.mthal whieb

conuins leall of il; which Iherefore grows thicker, and

comes fo mueb the nearer 10 the nalure of a refio, as Ihe

quantilY of acid, Ihal was dil!ribuled throllgh Ihe whole

oil befo re Ihe ditTipation of lhe more volalile pan, is, af·

ler fueh dilEpation, united and cooceotrated in the hea–

,'iefl parl; Ihe acid io oils being much leCs volalile than

lbe

odoro~s

pan, to which . Iooe they owe Illeir Icvity.

Heoce il appears whal preeautions are to be ured for

preferviog effer-tial oils as long as poflible without fpoil–

iog. They mufl be kept in a bOllle perfeétly wdl

1I0r'

pedo and always in a cool place, becaufe he"l quickly

diflipales thevolatile pam. Sorne authors direét thebOl–

tle tO be

k~pt

uoder water.

7. fire Oi/¡ by c07llbining Ihem 'WiJh highly cDnccn/raltd

AcidJ : ilijlanccd in Oil o/ 'Turlenline.

togelher in a glafs equal parts of coneentrated

oil of vitriol, aod highly Cmoking fre!h·drawo fpirit of

r,itre : pour this mixture at feveral times, but Cuddeoly,

three parlS of oil of lurpeotine, fet for that puryofe

io a glafs baCoo. By a pan here mull be underllood a

dram at leall.

moJI violent commotion, acco01p,nied

wilh Cmoke, will i01mediately be raiCed in Ihe liquors,

and lhe wbole will lake fire in ao inllani, flame, and be

cooCumed.

There is not in chemillry a phenomenon more extra–

ordinary, and more furprifing, than the firing of oil5 by

mixing them with acids.

It could never have been

fufpeéted, tha! a mixture of two cold liquors would pro–

duce a fudden, violent, brighr, ,od lalling flame, like

!hat we aJe

preCent eonfidering.

'T.

colltbin~

EffinlialOi{¡ wilh Mineral Sulphur.

Balfam

S.lphur.

P UT

into a marm one pan of flo\Vm oP Culphur ;

poor on lhem fix pans of the effeOlial oil of turpentine,

for

infl~nce ;

fet the :natras in

Cand·bath, and heat it

gradu~lIy

tiJl the oil boi'J.

The fulphur, which at firfl

lay at the bonomof the mmas, will hegin to melt, ,nd

appw tO diffoh'e in the oil. When it hath bni leu

in this

m~nner

for

~bout

an hour, take the matras from

lhe fire, and let the liquor cool.

great de.1 of the

flilphur that

w~s

diffol,ed rherein wiJl

fep.,,~re

fromit as

il cools, and fall ro the botlom of Ihe veffel in the form

of Medies, mueh likc a (alt fhooting in water.

When Ihe li'luor is perfeétly cotd, deeant it from the

ful?hl:r lhat lies at lhe bOllom uf the vellCl : tO that

folphl1r put frefh oil of turpent;ne, lnd procecd a,

bc–

fore: the fulphur will again difappear, and be dir.i,ll'ed

in the oil; bm when the mixlore is eold you will 'inJ

new cryllals of fulpho r depofired

rhe bonom. De–

C~lIt

once more lhis oil from lhe cryllals, and pour on

fre!h oil to c1iOiJive theOl: contimlethe (ame mrthod, and

you will fin", that about fixleen pans of effenllal oil are

required to keepone pm of Culphur diff(,h'ed \Vhen cold.

This cumbination is caJled

half"IIIU" Jfulphur iJ tcrebin·

ihinnluln,

if OIade wilh oil of lurpenllne;

anifalUl/J,

with oil of aniCe.feeds; and

of others.

'T, cOlIJbine E/"'li.1 Oi{¡ 'Wilh fixd AllalÍJ.

Slariey'J

s.ap

TAKE Calt of IRmr, or any other alkali, tholoughly

cakinec1.

He~t

it in a crucihle tiJl il be red, and in that

condition Ihmw it ioto a hot iron monar: rob it quick.

Iy with a very hot iron pellle; aod

fooo as it is pOIV.

dered, pour 00 it, linle by linle, nearly an

equ~1

quan·

tilY of oil of turpentine. The oil will

e~ter

ioto the

falt, and unite intimmly with il, fo as tOform a hud

palle. COOlinue rubbing this eompofition Wilh a 1,ellle,

in ord:r to complet: the union of the two fubllanees ;

and , as your oil of turpentine

di[~ppears,

ddd

m~re,

whieh will unile in

th~

flme

m~nner,

and gil'e a fofler

confillenee to Ihe Coapy marso You may add Jlill more

oil, according to the confillence you intend to give your

~~.

Starkey, the firll chemia

w~o

fouild the means of

making (OAp with aneffential oil, and hy whoCe name this

kind of Coap i, rherefore called, made ufe of

much more

tedious method than that propofed in Our proceCs.

began witb mixing a very fm. 1I quanlity of oil with hi.

falt,

~nd

waited till all the oil unitcd therewith of its own

accord, fo as to difappear entirely, before he added any

more; and thus protraéted his operation exceedingly,

though in Ihe main it was the Came with ours. Theme–

thod here propofed is more expeditious, and was inl'eol'

ed by Dr Geoffroy.

Starkey's foap diffolves in water much as common

foapdoes, wilhoot any CeparatÍllo of (he oil: and by rhis

mark it is knolVn to be well made.

may alfo be de·

compounded, either by dillillation, or by mixing it wilh

an aeid: and il! decompofition, in either of thefe wayl,

is attended with nearly the fame phenoména as the de·

compofition of common [oap.

tbe SlIbjJanw oblaitled

frOtll

VcgrlahleJ

mean! o} a grndulltetl Henl,

frOIll

Ihal o} boi/'

illg

Water,

lo Ihe prollgeJI Ibol

CI/Il

applicd

lo I/¡em

ir¡

e/oje

Veje/¡.

analifo Vece/tibIe Subjlanw Ihal yicld /leilhu

Fal nor an Effinli.1 Oil. lnjlanced .i/l Cuaíar.m·

.v.,d.

thin !havings of Guaiacum·wood,

~nd

put them

into a gl. Cs Or f10ne reton, le,ving one half thereof

empty. Set your retort in a reverberating fu rnace, and lute

on a largeglaCs receiver having a fm.1I hole drdled in il,

fucb as is ufed for diflilJiog Ibe mineral acids. Put ;t

JiI'C