1000000030

li.e coal or

I\VO

in the fsrnace, 10 warm the vtffds gen·

tly

~nd

flowly.

\Vuh a

Jegr~e

of heat btlow that of boiliog water,

you will fee drops of a elear iotipld phlegm fall into the

receiver. If yo" raife the fire a litde, this water will

come Oighdy

aCI~,

;u¡d begin to have a puogeot fmell.

With a degree of r,re fomewhat

~rooger,

a water \ViII

(ootioue

rife which will be llill more acid, fOldl

firooger, aod become yellowifh. Wheo the heat comes

to exceed that al' boihog water, the phlegm that rifes

\ViII be very aciJ, h;g!t culoured, have a Ilroog puogeot

finell, like that of mmers long fmoked \Vith wood io a

chimney, and will be accoOlpaoied with a red, light oil,

that will Hoat on the IiquM in the receiver.

And 0010 it is oeceffary, that the oreratioo be carned

very

eautiouOy. aod vent frequeody given tO the rareo

fied air by opeoing the fmall hale io the reeeiver; fueh

a.o ineredible quaotity thereof ruOling OUt of the wood,

wilh this degree of he.t, as may buril the I'effds tO

rieces, if oot difehargcd frolO time to time.

\Vheo this reJ, liAht oil is come over, aod the air

ceales tO rufh out with impetuor,ty, r.ifeyou r fire gradu·

ally, till the retort begio to redden, The receiver will

be filled wlth deo fe vap.)urs; aod together \Vith lhe wa·

lery liquor, \Vhieh will Iheo be eXlrellldy acid, there

"ti

I nle a blaek, thiek, ponderous oil, whieh will faJl

IU lhe bOllom of the receiver aod lie noder the liquor,

Theo give the

ulmul~

degree of heat ;

thal.is,

the

greattll your furnaee will aJlow, aod y"ur veffels bear,

Wilh this excelfive heat a l'lde more 011 will r,fe, whieh

\Viii be very pooderous, as ,hick aod black as piteh; aod

the veliels will contioue full of vapours that will oot

coodeofe.

At lall, ¡vheo you have kept the retOrt exceediog red

for a loog time io Ihis extremilY of heat, fa that it be·

gins tOmeJl if it be of glafs, aod you percei ve oothiog

more come Ol'er, let the rire go OUt aod the veffel cool.

1'heo take off your reee,ver : from Ihe black otl at boto

10m dteaot the aeid liquor wilh Ihe red oil AO"ling

on it, and pour them bo,h Intu a glafs funoel, Uned wilh

browo filleriog

p~per, ~od

placed over a bOllk. The

acid liquor \ViII paf, lhrough lhe filler iota the balde,

aod the oil will be Idl behind, whieh muO be kept by il·

fdf in a fe parale balde. Lafily, iOlo aoother fuooel,

prepared as Ihe former, pour Ihe thiek oil

rrm~ioiog

wi,h a liule of lhe acid liquor at the bOllom of Ihe re·

ceiver. This liquor will filt er off io Ihe fame maooer,

aod Ihus be feparated from Ihe heavy oil.

lo Ihe retort you \ViII fiod your Guaiaeum fhaviogs oot

io the lean altered as to their figure, but lighl, friable,

very blaek, fceotlelS and

t~!lelefs,

eafily takiog fire, and

coofumiog wilhout

O.me

or fmoke: io Ihor! you \ViII

fiod Ihem eharred la a perfeé! eoal.

H'THERTO we have examioed the fubfiance,

lh~1

may

be obtaioed from

veget~blc"

tilher wilhoOl lhe

~clp

fire, Or \Vilh a degre< o( heal nol exceediog lhar of boil·

ing water. The

ao~lyfis

of plants eao be emied 00

furlher wilhout a grearer Mgree of

he~l:

for, wheo the

priociple of odout aod lhe effenlial oil of aD arontatie

lS5

plaot are wholly eXlrat!ed by Ihe pmediog proceffes, ir

the difiillalion be aflerward eootioued Wilhoul ioereaJiog

Ihe heat, DOlhlOg more will be obtaioed bUl alitde aeid·

which w:1I fooo ceafe, as a fmall part ooly of Ihe quao:

lily

cont~ioed

in Ihe plaOl will be e1evared; Ihe reU be·

iog dlher tOO pooderou!, or 100 much eotangled with

Ihe olher principies of Ihe body, tO rife wilh

fmall a

drgree of heat.

In arder therefore 10 carry 00 Ihe deeompofilion of a

J1Iant, from which you have, by Ihe melhods before pro·

pofed, eXlrat!ed

~II

the priociples il is capable of yield.

iog wheo fo treated; or, in order to aoalife a vegetabk

mmer, whieh aff'ords oei,her ao expreffed oor ao effeo·

tial oil, it muU be diOilJed io a retort wilh a naked fire, as

direlled io Ihe procefs, aod be made to uodergo all the

degrees of heal fueeeffively, from rhal of boiltog waler

to Ihe highefi Ihat eao be raifed io a reverberatiog furoaee.

A hw ioferior la thal of boiliog waler, with \Vhieh

\Ve muH begio io arder to warm Ihe veffel gradu.lly,

br:~gs

oOlhiog Ol'er, bUI ao infipld water, deOilute of all

acidity. By ioereafiog il nearly to thedegree of boilio&,

water, lhe difiilled water comes 10 be nighdy aeid,

Wheo Ihe heat is made a liule firooger lhao lha,

which is oece,rary for Ihe e1evarioo of ao elfeotial oil, lhe

acidity of the water Ihat comes off' is mueh more eonfi.

derable.

hath oow bOlh culour and fmell, aod Ihere

rifes \Vilh il a red, lighl oil, thal Rom 00 Ihe liquor io

lhe reeeiver. This is nOI ao effeoria! oil; it halh oooe

of the odour of Ihe plaol, Though fo lighl as 10 float

00 wmr, yel il will oot rife wilh the degree of heal thal

raifes effential oils, even Ihofe lhar much furpafs il io

gral'ily, aod will not f\Vim00 warer as they .do. TllIs

prol'e,. Ihat Ihe eafe or dillieulty with which a particu.

lar degree of heat raifes any fubfiaoce in diUillatioo

dOlh 001 depeod ahogelher 00 in gravity: ils dilatabi ·

lilY. or the volarile oature of the mallers wilh whieh il

is fa elofely uniled as nOl to he feparmJ from Ihem by

dillillatioo, may probably eootribule gready tO produce

this effet!,

It is very furprifiog, thal a fubllaoce fo hard, fo eoOl·

pat!, fa dry io

~ppearaoce,

as Guaiacum·wood, fhould

yield fueh a large quaotilY of waler by diHiJlatioo; and

ir is equally 1'0, tilar il fhould difcharge fo much air, aod

with fo much impetuofilY, as oothing but expeneoee could

reoder eredible,

h~th

been remarked, that Ihe heaviefi and mofi eom·

pat! \Voods yield the moU air io dillillation: aod aeeor.

dingly Cuaiaeum·wood, as exceediog almoll all others

io hardoefs

~od

weight, diCehargesa vaU quantilY of air

Vlheo aoalifed,

The thick, burnt, empyrrumatie oil. thar comes over

lafi io lhis difiillalioo, i, heavier than waler; 00 ae·

eouol, probably, of the great quaolily of aeid wilh

\Vhich it is replrte. The two kiods of oil obtained

io lhis aoalyfis may be reélifie<j, 'by diOilling them

a fecood time, or nlher

fever~1

times; by whieh meaos

Ihey will b.eeome lighter aod more fluid , lo geoeral, all

thiek, heavy oil, cnnOaotly o\Ve thefe qualities to ao ,Cid

uoiled lVilh them; aod il is hy being frced from fome of

Ihal acid io dtllillarioD, Ihat Ihey always aequite a great·