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L o G
LOCAL MEDrCI~ES, rhoCe deflined to aél upon panicu.
la.- pam ¡ fucn are fomenl.tioos, epithems, veficalo,
ries, oc.
Deeree o/ LOCALITT, in Scots law, a decree propor·
ti9nmg a ntintller's flipend among the diffe;ent perrons
Ilible in p.1yment of it. S:e LAW, Tit. v. q .
lOCATELLUS's BALSAM, in pharmacy, a celebra·
red balCam, tlle preparation whereof is direéled in the
Edinburgn difpenfatory thus : Take of yellow.wax,
one pouod ¡ oil olive, a pint and a half; Veoice tur·
~Ilt, a p_~ aod a half; halCam of Peru, twO
OII~ees; drilfOO's blood, ODe ounce : melt the wax in
fhe oiJ OUT a ¡:ende fire ¡ rhen add the turpentioe; aod
h«ving men Ibem fmm the fire, mix in (he bal Cam of
Peru alld dragon's blood, keeping them continually
fiirring lill grown cold.
This balJam i6 ured in internal bruires and h:rmor·
mages, erofi()(]& of the inteflines, ulee,...tioDS of the
lungs. dyCeDtemS, and lO rome coughs and anhmas.
LOCHIA, in mldicilte, a flux from the uterus, CODre·
quent t() deN,ery. See MIDWIFER Y.
LOCHMABKN, a tOWD of Scotland, Huen miles eafl
of Dllmfries.
LOCK, a well·kAoIVD innrument ufed for fafleoiog doorl,
cheLls, &c. genera 11y opened by a key.
LOCKMAN, an officer in the ine of Man, who exe·
cutes the ordm of tbe govuomeot, much Irke our uo·
der fueri!.
10CRlDA, • towo of Tnrky in Europe, fev~nty miles
fouth·eall of DUrizzo : E. long. 21 °, N.lat. 41.
LecuS GEOor.tETRrcus, denotes a lioe, by which a
Jocal or problem is folved.
A I~III is a line, any point of which may eqtlally
fowc ao iOOct~fmiAate problem. Thus, if a right line
fu1li:ce for the conllruQion of tbe equation, it is called
loc#~ .d rtfIum ; if a cirde, 'OCUI ud circu'um; if a
J>3ftbola, locuI ud p.,abolam; if an ellipfis, '.CUI ud
,IIifjin; and fo of Ihe rel! of the conic feélioos.
LOCULAMENT, among botanins, denotes a cell, or
partitian , in a feed pod, for the feed of a plant.
LOCUST, inzoology. See GR YLLUS .
l.ODGMENT, ia mllitary aff.irs. isa IVork raifed with
canh, ga0~S, fafcines, wool packs, or manteltts, to
cover the befiegers Irom the eoemies fire, and 10 pre·
vent their lofi ng a place which they have gaioed, aod
are reColved, if poffible, to keep.
LOEPLINGrA, in botaoy, a genus of the Iriandria
mQoogyniadaCs. T he calix coofin! offive leaves, and
the corQlla of five fmall perals ; and the capfule has
one cel~ and three valm. Tbere is but one fpecies,
a nativeof Spain.
l.OESEllA. in botany, a genus of the didynamia ano
giofperRlia claf,·. The calixconfins of fou rCegmenn ;
aod t~ capl'ule has three cells. There is btU one rpe.
cies, a nalive of America.
LOG, in naval afF.irs, is a. flat piece of wood . nlaped
{ome1!hat like a flounde r, wilh a plece of lead Callened
10 its bottom, whi.h makts i, !Iand or fwimupright
in Ihe water. See Plate CIII . fig. 4.
LOGARITHMIC CURVE. If on the line A (PIare
ClII. fig. 5') b~th ways ind fioilclycltleoded, be tao
L O G
ken, AC, CE, Ir G, G 1, 1L, on the right baad ;
and alCo Ag, g P, oC. on the leCt, all equd "') one
another: and if at the points P g. 1\, e, E G, I,
L, be ereéled 10 the right "ne A N. the perpendicu·
Iars P S, g d, A B, C O, E F, G H, ¡ K, L M,
which let be c;ntinu.lly proporllonal, and reprcfcnt
Dumbers, viz. A B, 1 ; e D, JO ; E F, lOO, &c.
!heo we have two progreffions 01' lines. amhmc.
tical aod geometrical : for the lines AC. AE, A G,
oC.are in arithmelical prug,effiQn, nr as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
Oc. and fo repreCtnt th: logui¡hms to which the gco.
meuical lines ti B, C O,.E F, &c. do correlpunct
For fioce AG is triple of Ihe 6rflline ti C, the numo
ber GH fuall be in tbe third pldce from unity, If e D
be in the lirl! : fo likewiCe fuall L M be in the fifth
place, fince AL = 5 AC. Ir the extremities of the
proportionals S, d, B, D, F, (:;c. be joined by IIght
lines, the liguru S BML will becomea polygoD, coa·
fillingof moreor leCs fide~, accordingas there are more
or leCs terms io Ihe progreffion
If the parts AC, C E, E G, oC. be bifeéled in the
points, c, e, g, i, 1, aod Ihere be agaio raifed Ihe
perpendiculars ed, ef, g h, j i , 1m, which are mean
proportionals betweenA B, C D; CD, EF, &c.then
there will .riCe a new feries of proponiooals. whoCe
terms, beginoing from Ihat which immedi.tely followi
unilY, are double of thoCe io the firn feries, and the
differeoce of the terms is become lefs. and approacll
nearer tO a ratio of equality th. o before. LikewiC~
io this nN feries, the right lines A L, Ac, exprefs
the dillaoces of the m OlS L M, c d, from unilY, viz.
fince AL is ten times greater than Ac, L M fuall be
the tenth lerm of the fcries fromunity: and becaufe A e
is three times greater than Ac, e/ will be the third
term of the feriesif cd be the fi rll, and therefu," bc
two mean proportionals betweenABaodef, andbetween
ABandL Mthere\ViII be nine meanproportiooals. And
if tite extremities of Ihe lines B d, Df, F h, &c. he
joined by righrlines, there \ViII be a oew polygoD made,
CGofining of more but fuorter fides than the lall.
Ir, in this manner, meao proponional! be continu.!·
Iy placed berween every tWO terms, the oumber of
terms at Jan will be made fo grflt, as alCo tbe numo
ber of the fides of tbe polygoo, as to be grmer than
any given number, or to be infi nite; and every fidc of
Ibe polygon fo lelrened. as 10 become leC. than an)' gi.
veo right line; and conCeqttendy the polygon will be
changed ioto a curve·lined figure; for any curve lined
figure may be conceived as a polygon, whofe fides
are in6nildy fmall and in6nire in number. A CU(\'c
d&ribed after this manner, is caJled logarilhmical.
Ir is maoifen from this defcription 01 the logarith·
miccurve, that aJl numbers at equal dilr.nce! drecon–
tinually proportÍondl. Ir is alfo pla,n, that if thm
be four numbers, AB , CD, IK, Lill, fuch Ihatthe
din.nce b:tw:en the (¡,II and Iccond be equdllo the di·
Ibnce bwveeo the third and Ihe (our'h. let the dill.lnce
from ¡he frcond to the Ihild be what it \Vrll, ¡here
numbcrs wlll be proportional. For bccauf, Ihe dillao·
ces AC, r L. are equal, A 13 fulll be to th, incrc·
ffi<nt DI, as ll( is to tbe incl Olcot MT. Whm·
{ore,.