1000000029

A B E

rlll~e

[hei r mon:t.(lcry, werc made"denifons of all

Engl.nd

(London cxcepted) by King John.

AB};:RDEEN, the

n.me

of two cities in Scodand, call–

ed lhe

O/d

anu

Nt'l.u To'tvr.J,

fituated on lhe German

Ocean, in \. 45. Vv. Ion. aud 57.11. N.lat.

The oId town I¡es auout a mile

the north of (he

ncw, at the mouth of [he river Don,

O1lcr

which is a

une bridge, of a Gngle arch, which refh

both {ides

on (wo racks. The old townwas formerly the

[cal

the biChop, and had a Jarge cathedral church, com·

manly callt1l

St Moch"',

This cathedral oad aa–

ciently. t\v.o rows of Clone

pillar~

acrafs

lhe

church,

and duce

fuerets

lhe

ficcple,

which was lhe

largefi

(hefe turrets, rened

upon an

aTch,

[upponed by

fouT

pilllrs. In (rus cathedral there \Va, a fine Library;

bm.abaut the yc. r

1560

it was .Imotl totally detlroyed

But the capital "uildins is the Kiog's-college,

the

fouth {ide of the towo, which is a large and tlately fa–

bric. The ficeple is vauhed with a double

croes aTch,

above which is an

imperial crown, rupponed by eight

Ilooe pillars, aod clofed IVith a globe and tIVO gilded

crotres. In the year 1631 ,nis lIeeple IVas throlVo down

norm, bUl

w.as

roon after rebuilt

a more O:ate–

Iy form , This collego w.. founded by Bifhop EI–

phiolloo ia the y..r 15°0; but James IV. claimed lhe

patroD~ge

of it, and it has fince bec.n caBed

the

Kmg'J

C,/I'g'.

This college, and the

Marifh.lI

-college io

the Dew

tOWD,

form one univerfilY, called {he

Ul1ivtr-

jit}

Killg Charla.

T he ncIV town is the capit.1of the fhire of Abordeen,

F or Jargenefs, [rade, and beauty,

greatly

c~cceCls

aoy town io the Nonh. It tland, upon a hill or rifiog

grouod. T be buildiogs are gencrally four Clories high,

and have,,for the mon pan, gardens bchind thern, wltich

gives it a beautiful appearance.

the high fl.reet

a large church, which formorly belonged to the Frao–

.cif<:ans. This church IVas beguo by Hp Willi.m EI–

phioflon, and 6aifhed by Gavinus Dunbar, Bifhop of

Aberdecn, about the

15°9,

Bp Ouobar is faid like–

'wife to hav't built the bridge over che

Dee,

which con–

Ms of feveo. arches, The chicf public buildiog io

the neIV to\Vo is the Marifhall-collcge, fouoded by

George Keith Earl of Mar

!h.II

, in the year

1593;

but has fioce been

great.ly

augmeDted witb additional

building.. In both the Marifhall and Kiog's-college

the language9, mathematics, natural philofophy, divi–

nity,

&c,

are t.ught by very able profeno" .

ABERDOUR, • fmall tOwo ia Fifefhire, Scotland,oo

tbe frith of Fonh, about teo miles N. W. of Edin–

burgh.

ABERGAVENY, in Monmollthfhire, Eogland, • wcll–

built

lOWO,

Iying

' 42

miles W. by N. of London, in

~o,

N . lal. and 30.

W Ion. T his tOWOcoo-

1i!ls of about seo houfc9, has a wcekly market on the

Tuefday', and ano;:her on the FriJa}" ; and

lInee

fairs for horres, fherp,

ar.d I.JIi\ck

catde.

A IlERMUROER ,

old law-term for murder, pro\'ed

in a judicial manner. which could nOl

atom.:d for

with money.

ABER.RATION, in .tlrooomy, • fm. 1I 'pp3rcot mo–

tioo of the fixeu """s, firí! difcovcrcd

Or Braciky

A B 1

aod Mr Mollioeux, and fouod' to be owing 10

Ihe

pro–

greffive motion of lignt, and the earth', annual mo·

tion io i,,_orbit. If a lucid objel! be 6xed, aod the

eye

of thé obferver moving along

aDy 9lher dirceo–

tion than that of a fireight Ene from the eye to me

objeél,

¡¡

is pl. in, that tbe objeél muil have an appa–

rent motion, greater or lefs, according

velodty

with which the eye i. moved, and the diflance of the

objeél from the eye, See AnkONOM Y,

ABERRATION, in optics, a deviatioo of the rayo of

light which prevents theír uniting in the fame focal

poim, and is occ:afioned by their being refra(ted by a

fpherical leos, or refieéled by a fphericaJ fpeculuro,

8ee

OPTICS.

ABERYSWITH, a m.rket-towo in

W.le

., Iying 199

miles W, S. W. of Londoo, io 52, 30. N. lat, aod

40.

15 .

W . loog.

ABESTA, the name of ooe of tbe facred books of the

Per(ian magi, which they afcribe

thejr great found–

er Zoroaílcr The abeíla is a commentary on

two

o·

thers of their religious books called

Zrnd

and

Paund;

the time together including the whole fytlem of the

Ignicold, or wQrfhippers of 6re.

ABESTON, a bluoderiag \Vay of \I'riting Ahetlu., See

AB ESTlIS.

ABETrOR, a I.w-term, implying one who encourages

another

the performance of fome criminal aélioD,

or who

art and part

performance iúelf. T rea–

fon

the only crime in which abenors are ex\·luded·by

law, every individual

concerned

being confidered as a

principal,

is the f:une with

art ond port

i. the

8COlS Jaw.

ABEVACUATION, iDmedicine, • genue evacuatioo,

See

EVA ,"UATION.

ABEX, the Dame of a large traél of laod, lying along

the wen coall of the Red-fea, fouth of Egypt, fubjed

Ottornan Porte.

ABEYANCE, io' law, the expeélancy of an 'etlate,

Thus if laods be Je.fed to one perfon for life, wilb

rever(ioD

anothe·r for years, the rcmainder for yellrs

is an abeyance

till

the dcath of the lerree.

ABHEL, io botany, an obfolete name of the fabioa or

favin.

Scc J UNJ

PEA.

and

SABINA.

AHIB, r.gnifying ao ear of corn, a name giveD by the

Jews

the firn month of their eccler.allical year, af–

terwards callcd

Nifiln.

commenced :\[ the

"ernal

equinox, and, according

the c()Urfe of

the

mocn,

which rheir months were

r~gul?.ted,

anfwered tO the

latter

part

of our

rvrarch,

and bcginning

of April.

ABIDING

a 'W6ting,

io SCOlS law: Wben a perfoo

fouods upon a writ;llg alledgcd to be f.lfe, he may b4

obliged to

decl.re

judiciolly, whether he will tland or

abide

a u ue

'derrt.

1\S

to the

confeqtlcnces

abiJ.ng

by, or palling from, a f.lfe deed, fee Scon

L" w,

title,

Crimu,

ABIES,

the fir-tree,

bouny, bc1ong5 to me rnc.n.'tcia.

monaddphia c1ars of

Linn:r\:s.

Foriu cba.raélers, fee

Pnn's, of

which it

is a

Ipccics.

ARIGE:\T,

:ln ohl law-term, denoting

the

crime of

flcílling

c.mll! by dro\'cs or hcrds. T hlS

crime was

more fcverd,

PlIni¡hed. t,ha.o

fUI

,.J1,"I,

the

¿~liu'Jl.l<nt

bcin~