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tbe Quechua language, etc. Ail this took place

lluring the first half of the fifteenth century.

Furthermore, during the reign of Pachacu–

tec there carne to pass the conquest of a great

part -a.f the coast of Peru, and the sub}ection of

all the gre.a.t coastal settlements, both in the North

and in the Center, principally the Nazcas and the

Chimus. These conquest.s effected the nationaliza–

tion of ·all the country, which had previously

been merely a confeder.ation of setU.ements. Thus

spread the influence of the cultune of Cuzco, and

in its turn _the capital of the Incas was affected

by the decadent civilizations of the Coast. As the

rcsult of these achievements, Pachacutec may be

regarded as the second founder of Cuzco.

The most not ble of the later nmas are:

Yup nqui on of Pachacutec, who continued the

conquests begun by hi father; an<il Huayna–

Capac, w

eonquered the kingdom of Quitu, or

of the Seíris, exten i g to its urthest limits the

empire of the Incas. During this period the Ta–

huantisuyo, as the Inca empire is called, dom–

almost the \Vhole of South America, in-

cluding the greater part of the countries known

to.:.day as Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia,. Argentina

and· Chile.

Race.

The race which produced this original cult–

ure is the quieichua o·r k 'eshua, which is defined by

-15-.