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T U R 91 'S ) T U R
tiGng Ot emineote 00 .oy pan of ,he body. See Su.
cERv,p. 663 ·
TUN , a large vdrci or colk of 00 obloog forOl oiRedl io ,he
nliddlt. and dimininlinf, IO\\'2rd'J in two ends, Rlrt about
with hoaps, and \1(c:d for tlowing (c:veral kinds of mer4
rhandizc, for conveniente of ca l ri"ge; as llrandy, oi',
fugar. lkjos, han, Oc. Thi, word i~ airo uf~d rUf ctr·
u in vdfe:ls of cxtraordinary bignefs. fcning 10 kccp \Vme
in for feveral ycars.
TuN i. alfo a certaio weieht whereby ,he burdeo of Chips,
o,. are eH«med.
TUNBRIDGE, a town ofKen,. fi,uated ,hi"y·,hr« mile.
weft oE Canterbury, much reCortcd lO on aceaun! of ilS
cxcellcnt water, .
TUNICA , a klod of w;\iClcoaf, or undcr garmtm, in ufe
l\mongH ,he Romans. They wore il within daors by ¡t–
felf. aod abroad uodcr ,he eowo. Tbe commoo people
could nOI afFord the toga. and fo wcnc in lheir lUDICS,
whencc Hauce calls tbem poplllus tunicatus.
TUNI CA, in anatomy, is applicd 10 the membranes which
inven the 'fefrels, and divers others of the icrs rolid p:lrts
of the body; lhus the inteflines are formed of five lunies,
nr eOlts.
TUNIS . ,he capital of ,he kioedom of Tuois, ,hirty mil..
(oulh of Carthage ruins, 300 miles caCl of Algiers, and
) 20 routh-wdl of T'r~pano, in Siclly; a populous eity,
about three miles in circurnfcrence: E . long. 100 N.lat.
36° 20'. The kiogdom of Tooi. i. G,ua,ed 00 ,he coan
of B.rbary, in Afric., bciog bounded by ,he Mediter.
nneao fea 00 the nonh. lt cxtenciis 200 miles in
leog,h from ean to ... e1t, aloog the Choro of the Medi·
tcrranean ; the breadth is very unequal.
TUNNAGE is ufed for a (lIflom or impofl, p.yable to the
erown, for goods and merchandize imponed or exported,
and is to be paid after a cenaio rate for every lun there–
of. Thi. du,y, as well as ,hat of poundage, was 6rfl
grantcd for life to kiog Cbarles n. and bas becn coo,inu·
ed in the (ame manoer to his 'royal fucccfrors, down tO
h i. prcfco, m.jeflr kiog George 111.
TURBAN, ,he head.drcfs of mofl of ,he eaflero oatioo•.
It con.1il1:s of tWO parts, a cap. and a rafh of fine Iioeo
or uft"ety, anfully \IIound in di'fers plaiu aboUl lhe cap.
T he cap has nObrim, is preu y Oat, though rouDdifh at
top, and quilted with couon, bUl does not cOYer the
ears. There is a good deal of art in glving the turban a
fin e air, and cbe making of them 1S a particular trade.
T he eaCh of ,he Turks ,urbao i. wfiitc hoen ; ,hat of
t11e PcrfiaD,s red woollen. Thefe are the dil1:inguilhing
marks of their diff.:rent rcligions. Sophi, king of Per–
fia , beiog of ,he fefl of Ali . w., ,he GrU who affumed
the lafl coloor, ' o difliogu,Ch himfelf froOl ,he T urks,
who are of the Ccét uf Ornar, and whom lhe Perfians e–
neem hcretics.
T UR BINATED, i•• tcrm applied by n..u"liU., '0 ChelJ.
which are fpinl. or wreathc:d. conically, from a larger
baG. 10 a kiod oC apex.
TURBITH, or T URPE T H_lt.nOT, in the materia medica,
lht' ..:orllc3.1 pan 01 the lOOt of an Indian convolvulus,
brou{!ht 10 us iD ubloDg pieces, of a browo or ;,¡Ch-colour
on Ihe outlide, and WhHllh within: th~ bclt is pondcrolJ!.
nOI wnnklcd, eolCy lO break and difcoYenn~ a large
qu ...nl.ity of n·finous m1tlcr to .he e) e: its t"ne is al 6rCl
(\lrccurh ; ..",hen rhewed for a lnde time, it bccomes ac,d,
VOL. 111. 0. ')8.
pun~cnt, and naufcous. This rOOI is a cllhartic, DOlOf
lhe (;¡fdl, or mo(\ certain ktn.d .
TU RRITH·,.UNIlR A L. SeeC hEMlITRY, p. 139.
TURBO. 10 zoology, a geou. of iofcéh belooglOg 'o ,he
order o( Yermes teUacea. This is an animal o( the fn<lit
klod ; ,he Ch"1J coofins of ooe fpiral folid valoc ; aod ,he
apc:rture is orbiculH . T here are 49 rpecies, diltiAguiO\cd
hy pcculiaritics in their (hells.
TURBOT , io ich'hyo:ogy. S" PLIU'ONE CTE ' .
l 'URC[CA TER rt A , "VIlKY ·E,AI\TH, in Ihe materia me·
dica, a very tinc bole or medicinal e3rth. dug in greal
pl<o,y in ,he neighbourKood of Adrianople, aDd u(ed by
the Turks as a fudon6c and aaringent, Oled f"mous a·
moo,! lhtm in pel1:dcnllal diCeares.
TURCOlSE, io o>tural hiUory, ao ore of coppcr.
There ~re, indeed, rwo klncts of lurcoi s; Ihé' one a
true and genuine ore of coppe,.; the otller the bODes of
animals lioged to a beauuful blue colour, by having
becn buTlcd in pl;¡ces where copper-ore has bten Dear
lhe"l.
TURCOM .'\NI:\•• proviocc of AG..ic Turky. bounded
by Pt:rfia on the can, and anfwc:rs tO,be ¡gciemArmenia¡
its capit .. 1is Erzerum.
TURDUS, io orDi,hology, • geous bcloneioe 'o ,he order
of paffcres. T h. blJl i. fomewhat cyliodticll aDd cul·
trueo ; the oonrils are naked i the faux is ciliated; aod
the tongue is lacerated. T here are 28 Cpecies, princi~
paJIy diJlinguiChed by ,hcir colour .
T URENNE, a towo of GuieoDe, io France : E. loog. ,0
.0', aod N . lat. 45° 7'.
TURGESCENCE, among phyGciaos, denotes a fweJling,
or growing bloatcd.
TURIN, ,he capital of Piedmoo" io aod of ,he kiog
of Sarnioia's dominioos, is the confluence of
the rivers Po and Doria, .00 miles fou,h.wefl of Mtla.:
E . loog. 7° .6', aod N . la,. 44' 50'.
TURION ES, .mooe hcrbaltlb, deoole. the Grfi youog
tender thOOts which plants annually pUl fOTlh .
TURKEY, in orci,hology. Sce MELEAcalS.
TURKY, a vcry eXleofive empire, comprehending Come of
the .richen countries in Europe, Afia, and Afriea.
Turky io- Europe, comprehends Romania, Bulguia,
Senia, Bofoia. lt.guf• . Wal lachia, Mold..ia, Beff..a·
bia , Budz'ac, Criol, and I¡ule T anary, wÍth Albania,
Epirus, Macedooia, Theff ..ly, and alllhe ancicnt Gree¡;e,
wirh iu npmerOU$ iO.inds. Sce ROJroIANIA, (:;(.
Turky in Afia, comp,ehends N;Holia. Diarheck, Sy·
ria. Turcomania, and pan of Georgia ind Arabia.
Aod Turky io Aftita, comprehend••be frullf. 1 a.d
cxtt:11five country of Eg)'pt.
TURMERIC. io ,he materia medica, the roo' of a plant,
callt.:d by bo~anins curcuma. See CUIlCUMA.
TUR EP, io bo,a.y, a fpeci.. of braflica. For ,he cul·
ture o, thcm, (ce ACP.ICU RE, p.67.
T UR ERA, in bOI"ny. a gcnl1s oC the pt'ncaodria trigynia.
clArs T he col:hx is funnel.Cbaped, and conGOs of f¡ve
feAml"nts; thtrc are 6ve petals in(encd inlo Ibe calix ;
th~ Hiem u;¡ are divldcd into mao)' p:.ns; and tbe c:aprule
has one: ODe cdl. Tbue are lhree (pecits, DODe of them.
nallVt"s o( Rruain
T RI 'G , a bnoch o' fculp.ure, h<ing ,he art of faChi·
onlOg h,,·d bu. Jes, ;:as br:afs. ivory, Vo·ood. óc- int\) a
lound or oval (mOl, in a IJtbe.
S S t TUR SOLI;,