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\vh~ch i'l fix cd 0 0 the pipe. and cover it wi,h rhe tal] recei·
ver GH, which is clore at IOp; lhen t lIl\! :llf OUt of
m e rcccivH. <tno turn the cock e ro kec:p it om; whicn
done, unlerew lhe pIpe from lhe pump, and (e l its end A
iDto abaron of \I/.Her. and turo lhe cock e tO apen lhe pi pe ;
on whico, as (here is no air in the receiver, lhe prdrure of
lhe . Imc,(phc:re on the w:.ter in lhe baron will drtve lhe wa–
ter forei bly through the pipe. and make it play up in a je'
ro the top of lhe reccivet.
[ 3. Se! the fquare phia l A (6g 21.) upon ,he p·ump–
plate; and having covcred it with lhe wire-cagc B. p Ul a
d ore r~ceiver over ¡l. and exhaufl lhe air out of tht! recei–
ver; in doing o( which. Ihe air will aIro make its way out
of the phial through a fmall hole in its neek under the valve
h. ' Vhen the ai r is exhauíled. turn the coek below the
plate, tO re-.-dmit ,he air inlO the recciver ; and 'as ir CIO–
nul gel illto th e phial agaio. becaufe of lhe valve, the ph,al
\Viii be broke in. o fome ,houfands of pieees by the prelfure
o f the air upon ir. H ad the phial been of a rOllnd form,
it would havc (ullained this pretrure like an arch, without
breaking; but as ¡ts lides are ILlt, it cannot.
r o fh''W Ih, d oj/it;iIJ or Jpring oJ Ih, airo
14' Tie up a very fmall qu.ntity of air in a blander, and
'PUt i[ uodc:r a receiver ; .hen exhauft che air out of the re–
eeiver, and the fmall quantity \Vhieh;s eonlined in the blan–
der (having nothing ' o aél ag:unll it) will expand itfelf fo
by ,he force of its fpring. as tO nll the bladder as full as i,
could be blown of common airo Bu[ upon ler.ting the ai.
joro the receive r agai o, it will overpower the ai r in [he blad
der, and pref, its fides almoíl clofe together.
[5 . Jf the bladder fo , icd tlp be pUl into a wooden box.
2nd ha'le 20 or 30 pounds weigh t of lead put upon· the
box, and the box be covered with a clofe receiver; upon
cxhau(lrng the ai r ou t of [he receiver, tha.t air which is coo–
lined in the blande r will expand itfelf fo. as tO raife up
all the lead by the force of its fp ring.
16. Take ,he glafs-l>a ll mentioned in the fifth experi–
rnent, (fig. [4 ' ) whieh "'as left full of water aJl but a fm.1I
bubble of ai r at tOpo and h..ving fet it \Vi,h i" neek down_
w ard ioto Ihe empty phiaJ 110, aod covered i[ wilh a dofe
receíver. exhaull ,he air OUt of the receivtr, and .he (mall
babble of air in the tOP of the b,JI wiJl expand itfelf, fo as
to force aJl the water out of the b. JI in,o the phial.
'7 . Serew the pipe A B (fig. ,8.) into the pump-plate.
place the tall receiver GH upon the plate ed, as in the t\Vdrt h
ex perimeot, and exhauH the air out of the receiver : ch~n,
turn che cock (. co keep Out lhe: alr; uofcrew the pipe from
, he pump, and ferew it in<o ,he mou, h of , he eopper velfel
CC (lig . 22.) ,he velfel having fid! been about half 1;lIed
wi,h water. T hen turo the eoek ,(6g. , 8.) and ,he fpring
01 the air ~'hieh i, eonfined in ,he upper vélft! will force th e
w ater up through the pipe AB ina jet intO the exhaufted re·
eeiver••s f!rongly a. it did. by its prelTure on the
the waler in abaron, io lhe twelflh experimC'nl.
l8. If a fowl, a car, r:n, a maure, or bi,d . be pUl un·
o er a recl·j.yer. and the air be cxhaulled. [he aoimal " ilJ be
at firH upprelfed élS Wilh a great weighr, theo gruw convul·
red•• nd at lan expire in all the agonies of a moíl bitter
and cruel dea.h .
[.). lf a oo"../ly be fufpended in a receiver. by a fine
ofhread titd to one or ¡es horos , it will Ay ~bout in lhe re–
u i.1er, as long a, the reeeiver conlillucs ful! 01' air; but if
A T e s.
tht ai r be exhauftrd , though .he animal will not die, 1M
will cootlnu~ tO fillUef' ItS W¡ng5. It CelnfiOt rcntove:- Itrelr
f!"om the pi Ice where it helngs 10 lhe mu.JJle o .. [he rect'lver,
untd the: .ur be Jc:t in ag<uo, and (h~o lile animal wtJl By a,.
bout as before.
20. Pour fome qu iekfilver into ,he fm.1I botlle A (6g.
19.) élod fcrew the brals collar e of [he IU IJe BC
brals neck 6 of the botlle, .nd the lo wer ead 01 .he tube
will be Immer(ed ioto the qu,ckfilver, fo the air aboye
lhe quíckfilver in {he botde wllI be coofined there. becaufe
i[ canoot get out abou e che join,ogs, nor Cet O it be drawn
OUI through [he quickfilver into the tube'. This tube is al–
fo open a[ rop. and is lO be covered with the rcct:iver G aDd
large tube E F. whieh tub. is lixed by beals collars to the
rcceiver. and IS clofe at the rop. This pr~paratioo bei ng
mi\dc, exhauH the air both out of the receiver and its tube;
and the alr wd lhe fitme means be exhaulled out of lhe
¡nner tube HC, Ihrough its opeo top al C; and as lhe re ...
ceiver and IUbes are exhau /ling. the air tbar ¡5 cooflned in
the glals botde A w,1I prel, fo by its fpriag upoa the fur_
fa e of lh e quickGlver. as tO furce i-t up in lhe inoer tube
as high a5 it was rdifed in Ihe nioth experiment by the prcf.
fu re of ,he a.mofphere; whieh demonílrates that ,he Iprin¡
of lhe ai r i.s equivalent to its weight.
2 [ . Serew the end e (Og. 20.) of the pipe CD ioto ,he
hole of the ••nd tUrn all ,he three coek, d. e,
and H. fo as tu opeo the communications between aJl lhe
three pipe, E. F. De, anJ the hollow trunk AB. Then.
cover the pldtCS g anu h with W~t leathers, which have holel
in rheir middle where the pipes opeo iOl0 the plates; aod
place the elole receiver J upon ,he plate g: ,his doae. /hut
, he pipe F by the eoek H , and <>lbauíl , he air ou'
or the receive:r J. T hcn turn [he cock d. to Chut out the air;
unfcrew {he machine !rom the pump : and having fcreeed it
to lhe wooden foot L, pUl the recelver f{ upon the place h:
this receiver wdl contioue loofe 00 the pla\e as 100& a5 ir
k« ps fu ll of atr; i, will do unul the eoek H be turD–
ed to open the commuoicatioo b::twcco the pipes F aod E,
through the ltunk AB; and {heo the air in the receiver X,
having nbthing to aél againl! its fpring, will run from K .n'O
1, unt d it be fo divided bctwe:en thefe receivers, as to be
of et¡u~1 in both; and they will be held down witll
equal forees tO thetr pla,es ~y the prelfure of the a'–
mofphe... though eaeh r«e.ver will then be kep' down bu'
wirh one h If of prelTure upon it tha< the reeeiver / h~d
when it WélS exhaufied of ai r: becau(e it hdS now one h..IE
of lhe comruon air in i[ which filled the receiver /f whco it
IVas fet upon the and ,herefore a force equal to half
lhe rorce o( lhe fpring of common air will aél wilhin the
receivers againfl the whole precrure of the corumon alT upon
thei r oUlfices This¡is called f'transferring the air out of one:
vdrd ioto anolher
2 '. Pu, 3 eork into the fqaare phial A. (6g. 2 [.) and 6"
it io with wax or cemenc; pUl lhe phlal upon the pump·plate
with lhe wire_C3$!e B OVer ¡t, and cover Ihe cage with a
cl ore receiver. Theo, exh ~uft the 2ir out of the reccirer;·
and the . ir , ha, \Vas eorked up lO the phial will break t~e
phia1 outwa rns by the rorce 01 ilS fpring, beca~fe the,e ~'
no alr Itft OD t~e outfide of the phial tO aél againíl the a,r
wilhin it.
22. Put. fl"ivdled apple under a clofe reeeiTer. and el<–
h;1UH lhe air; Ihen the fp,ing uf lhe air withing tht applc
will plump it ou', fo as to caufe al! ,he wrinkles dilappea r ;
bUI