1000000031

R D

ORACH, in

Lot.ny

~ee

ATRIPLEX .

OR .... L,

fOIr.<lhin~

d"¡"ercd by wonl of

,"~:lIh,

wilhout

uClng coinlllitll.!d to

writing

in which

Ctole

v.'C

(ay,

<1.1

law, or:¡J

tradilioo,

Óc.

ORANCE. TREE, in bctaoy. Se< CITOU •.

OR .\~G C,

in geogr.lph)', a

ciey

Provence,

France,

eaplt.l of Ihe p' ineipality of Orange: il

fitu.ted on the

eall lide of the ri\'cr Rhone.

r~ventecn

miles

nonh

A\'ignon,

loog. 4<> 46', N . 1",. 44

JO' .

OR :\TION, ia rhelOrie, a fpecoh or h. rangue, eompofcd

according

lO lhe I

ules of

or310ry,

and (pokt n

publico

Oralioo, may be

reduccd

three

k1nds,

viz.

the

demor.ílrati\~,

deltberative, and

judici~1.

To the de–

n~onnrative

kind belong panegyrics,

gentlhliaca,

epitha.

lamia, congratuluions,

élc.

Te (he dclibcrative kind

bdong perfuafion, exhonatión,

<b,.

And

the judicial

kind

belong

accuCadon, confutation,

6,.

ORATO RIO , in the Itali.n mufiek, a fon of faered dra·

ma of

dialogues; containing

recitativu~,

duenos, trios,

rHorD~llos,

chorufes.

6e.

The fubjeéls of ;hefe picees are ufu.lly takeo from the

f.riptures, or from the I,fe or fo me faiot,

<be.

Thc muuck for the oratorio !hould be io the finea taae,

and bea

eho~en

arains. Thefe orato,ios are gready uf.d

at Rome, in time of lent ; and .of late, in

England.

ORA TORY. See RHETORtc.

ORATO

k Y,

among

,he

Romanllls,.a cloftt

or like

apartment

near a bed-chamber, furoill1ed with an altar, crucifix,

uc.

for private dcvotion.

ORB, in aarooomy,

<b,.

denotes aa hollow globe or

fphere.

ORBICUL!\RIS, ia anatomy. See ANATOMY,

306.

ORBIS. in ic!1thyology, a,name gioco. to two fpecies of

of1radon, nearly as broad aslong, and covered with rpines.

Sec OST RACION.

ORBIS "1AGNUS , io af1:roDomy, denotes the earth's orbit,

in irs annuQI revoludon rot1od the fun.

ORBIT, in anrOOOOly, the

p.th

of. planet or eomet, or

lhe curve that it .deCc-libes

jo in

revolution round its cen–

tral body : thus

{hc

carth's orbit is the curve which it

deferibe. in its annu.l eourfe, and ufually eall<d the

'eliptic.

Sce As TRONOM

ORCADES, ,:,< O RKNEY-ISLAHOS. See OOKNEY .

ORCHARD, a plantatioa of frui,-tree.. See C .. OOEH–

I"'G .

ORCHESTRA, in the aoeient the.tres, a place in the

form of a remi-ci, cle, where ,he dancing was performed.

In the Greek the.tres, the orehellra

m.de

pa" of the

Clage; bUI, among the Romans, it anf""ereJ nearry lO our

pit; ollly th., in il were difpofed Ihe fea" for the fe·

nators, magi(\rates,

"dial"

aod olher perfons of dif·

ti"{lion.

ORCHIS, 'In bouny, a- genu. of ,he gynaodria diandria

claf.. The ncél'l'iu m is !hapee! like a horn behind the

flowt:r. There are 32 fpc:cies. 12 of them natives of Bri–

tain. The root of the

morio,

or ftmale fool _Clones,

has been celc:uratcd as an "phrollifiac, bUl withoot any

fol id foundal;on.

ORDEAL, a form of trial, or of difeo.ering innoeellee or

guilt, formerly pratlif" d over .lmon

. 11

Europe, and

whieh preva'¡cd in England f, nm the time of

Edw.rd

,he

Conrdl'or, tíll il w.. abolifhcd by a J edarat ion of

H"u–

llI.

\'o'H

c.,l1eJ pu r;;:uio vul(!aris, <lr judicium

R D

oppofi t:on to hellum or eomuat, the other rorm of pur–

gatioo;

~nd

\Vas of various k neis,

~s th.~t

of fire, tI"'t uf

red hot-iror'l.

tl,'u

W,ltcr,

that of judici-t.1

pouag~,

lhat

of hallowed

dh:erC,

Ih:u

(he

greco crof's,

and

that of

dice laid on n:lics covered wt.i.h a woollt:n c1oth.

cach of wliich kinds p..lrt:cular nuffcs \Verc élppointed.

In Eng:and, ao ,-·ffcnd :!r, on being arr¡¿igaed and plead.

ing

not guilty,

had

in his choice

pUl himrelf upon

God

anlÍ his country

!hat ¡s, upon the verdiét of

a ju.

or upon God alone,

0 0

which account

was

called

the ludgment

God, it being prefumed that God would

d<hver ,he innoeent. The mOre popular kiads of ord..l

were lhofe

red_hot iron and water; the

6rll

for free·

men and p.ople or f.lbion, and the lan for peaf.n".

That by 6re, as pralli(ed here, was {he perCoo', walkmg

bare-footed and blindfold over nioe red-hot plough!hares;

and if !le e(caped unhurt, he was acquiued; 'otherwife,

coodemned. 'rhat of w¿ter was of two kiods,

VJZ.

ei ..

ther·wlth hOl water, or cold: the former was where ,he

perfon lufpeéled put hi. ar

lll

or leg into fealding water,

aod brougbt it out unhun;

and

tbe latter was when

his

body was not, cootrary tOthe courfe

nature, borne

.by the watl!r.

ORDER, in arehiteélu re, i. a fyaem or tbe fever.l mem–

bers, ornaments, and proportions of columns and pilallers;

or a «gutar arrangement of tbe proje(ling parts of a build·

ing, efpecially

tht:

column, fo as to form one beaulirul

whole. See AIlCHITECTURR.

•

is alfo ufed ror ' a divilion or clafs of

.ny

thing:

thus, the tribe of animals call<d birds i, fubdivided in–

(ix

orders. See

IlAL

1 STO

and BOTANV.

R o"

OIlDEkS, a charététerpeculiar,toecclefi,tllics, whe¡;.eby

they are fel

apa rt~ for

the miniflry, . See ORDINATION ,

l'!'lilitar)1

ORDER!, are

eompanie~

of knighu, inllituted

ktngs and princes; either for defence of the falth, or to

confer marks of bonour, and make dillinélions among

thei r

fu~jeél

•.

R~/i¡iour

ORDERS, are congregations or rocieties of mona·

fijes, living uoder the filme fuperior, in the fame man–

Rer: and wearing the fame habit.

ORDIN AL , a book eontaining the order or maaner of

performlO~

dlvioe fervice.

ORDINANCE, or OOOOHH ANCS, a law, natute, or

eommand of a fovereign or fuperior : _thus the .éls of

parliament are fometimes termed ordin¡¡DCeS of parliament.

ORD1NAR'Y., io civillaw, is any judge

in\,e(~ed

with autho·

rity tO take cognizolnce of C'<lUres

his owo right, aod

not by deputatioo .

ORD INARV,

orhonouraHt>ORDINARV,

io hcnldry. ade–

nomination Riven to cenain charges properly helonging

that art. "fhe honourable ordinaries are ten

num–

ber -

viz.

the chief, pale, bend,

re{fe,

bar, crors. fa).·

ti~r:

che\'ron. bordure, and "rle. Far which ree tbe ¡r–

tides

CIIIEF,

PALE.

Oc.

ORDINATES . See COH t C. S ECT IONS .

ORD INATION, the aél of eonferring holy orde:s, or or

initiatiog a perfon iOlO the prieClhood by prayer alld Ihe

l.yi

on of hands.

OR DN ANCE, a general name for all forts of great Cuno

nredinwar. SceGusNERY .

Officc o[

ORDNANCE, an olTice kept within

~hc

tower o

L onuon, whieh fupcrin«nds "nd difpofes 01

. 11

the "nlS,

illllrulllcnts, aod u!enuls of war, both by fea anJ '"ud,