1000000031

f.me

, ond eonrequen,ly ,he emerging .,ys would

m.ke

,he

fíl.me

angle witb'the incident

one9.

But in fuch a revolution.

,he drop would deferibe a circle of whieh P would be .he

centre and CNHRD an arco Conf'queody, fince. whea

the 'drop is at N, or

R, or any where

elfe

Ihat are,

the emerging rays make (he Carne angle with the incident

q"n" as ",hea .be drop i.

R, .be colour of .he arop

wili be .he fame

aa eye plaeed at O. whether the drop

is at

or at

H ,

or ato

or any where

tire

in Ibat arco

Now,

'houglnhe drop does.oot Ihu••uro rouod as it falls.

and does no' p.r. Ihrough the feveral Fa", of ,hi. are, yet,

Goce tbere-are drop. of rain falling

ev~ry

where at .he fame

time, when ene drop

at H, there

wiM

be anotbcr at R,

~oo,h,r

at N, aud other. in all parto of Ihe arc; and .h,fe

drop. will all of Ihem be violet-coloured, for the fame rea–

fon ,h., ,he drop R would bave b,eo of Ibi. eolour if i, had

beeo io any of ,hofe plae,.. In like manoer, as Ihe drop

G i. red wh,o i, i. al G, it would likewife be red io aoy

9art· of ,he are CWGQ!? ; aod fo will ,aoy o,her drop.

when,

is ,falling,

comes to aay part of

that arco

1Ou. as" ,he fun !hines UpOD ,be raio. whilll i.

f.II

., .here

will be

''''0

ares p,odueed, a viole. eoloured ooe CNHRD.

aod a red one CWGQ!? ; and for ,he f.mereafdos .he in–

term,diale fpaee be,\"eeo ,hefe .wo arco will be filt.d up

",i,b ares of ,be

io~rmedia,e

eolou... AII ,befe ares

'0-

g~,ber

make up ,he feeondary rainbo",.

Th.

col.un

Ih. ftcondaTl rainho'UJ ar< /,,;nl" Ihan Iho)'

Ih~ prjm~r,

rain6o'UJ; and are ranged in Jhe contra'"

ord~r.

The primary rainbo", is produeed by fueh rays as have

&eeo ooly ooee reHeaed; .he feeondary raiDbo",is produced

by fueh rayo as pave beeo t\Vice reHeaed.

Bu~

a. every

reaeélion fome ray' par.

001

oflbe drop of raio wi,hou. be–

iog reOeéled

fo .ha. ,he oflener ,he rays are reOeéled. Ihe

fewer of ,hem are lef.. Therefore ,he eolour! bf .he fe_

eoodary bow are produeed by fewer ray', aod.

eoofequ.eD

R A

OPTIMATES, in RomaD anliquity. were. aceordiog

TuUy, .he bell ei,iuns, who defired Iheir aélioDs migh,

be appro,ed of by ,he better fort; aDd .he populares.

,hofe who, out of a Ihirll of vaio.glory, did no' eonG·

de~

fo mueh whal wa.

ri~b

•• as wba, would pieare tbe.

populaee.

OPUNTIA, jn bOlaDy. See CACTUS.

OR, iD .heraldry. deooles yellow. or gold eolour.

See·

COLOUR arld :MSTAL.

Ihe coata

noblemen, it

ia blazoneo

topaz;

and

io thofe of fovereign prioees. fol.

i. reprefen:ed in engraviog by fmall points or dolS.

featlered all over the field' or bearing. See PI.

34. fig. 5.

ORACLE. among ,he hea,hen•• was ,he .nfwer whieh tbe

god. were fuppored

give lo ,hofe who eonfulted ,hem

upoo Iny affair of importaote; i. i. alfo ufed for ,be

god who il "'as Ihought gaye ,he aoflVer, and ,he place

where it was·giveo .

The eredi. of oracles was fo great, that in all doub,,·

and difpu,e. Iheir determioalions were held fa<red aDd

inviolable: whence van numben floeked

them for ad–

vice about Ihe management of Iheir afl'.tirs; and DO bu .

linef.

aoy

confeq~eDee

was undertallen, fearee "DY

Iy will be fain,er, .haD ,be eoloun of the primary bO"N.

In the primary bow, teekooing from ,he ou,ude of i., .he

colours are ranged

this order; red, orange, yellow. green.

b1ue, iodigo, viole.. In ,be feeoodary bow. reekooigD

from the oUlfide, the colours are vioJet, indigo, b!uf,·greeD

yellow,

orang~,

red. So that the red,

whicJ1 is

the OUt...

ermoll or highell eolour in ,be primary bow, is.,be iODer–

moll or lowell eoJour in. ,he feeoodary one.

Now Ihe viole. rays, wheo ,hey emerge fo as

be ef–

fetlu_1

af.er

ODe reHetlion. make a lef. angle wiih ,he i'¡;

ciden, rays thao the red ono.; eonfequendy .he viole. rays

make a lefs angle witb ,he lines OP, (No. 46 .) ,han the red

ooel. But in the

primar

rainbow the rays are only once

reH,ael!. aDd ,he aogle wbieh Ihe e!Feau.1 ,ay' m_k. wi,r.

OP is ,he dillaoee of .he eoloured drop from P ,he centre

of .hebow. Therefore the violet drops or viole. are iD the

primary bo\'; will be nearer' tO the centre

the

bow,

thao

the red drops or red arc; that

¡I,

the ¡Dnermon colour

i[J'

,he primary bow will be .iole', alld Ibe ou,ermoll eolour

wiU be red. And, for ,he fame rearoD. Ihrough ,be whole

primary bow. every colour

wiIJ

be o.earer to che 'teotre

as Ihe r!oys of ,h.. eolour aremore refraogible.

But Ihe viol.. rays, when ,hey emerge fo as lO be ef-·

feélual af'e< .wo re.JIeP.ions, make a grea,er angle wi,h tbe

iDciden' rays IhaD Ibe red ones; eonfequeotly Ihe violet

rays will

m.ke

a grea,er angle wi,h Ihe line OP••hao .be

red ones .. But

the fecondary rainbow the rays are twice

reOeéled. and .he angle wbieh effeélual

ray~

make wi.b

OP i. ,he dillaDce of .he eoloured drop from P the eeD–

tre"

of ,he bow. Therefore the .ioJe. drops or viole. are

in ,h, feeondary bo", will be fartber from ,he eeDtre of

the bow than the red drops or red arc

that

is,

the outer–

moll eolour iD Ihe feeoodary bow wiU be .iolet. and ,he in·

nermoll colour ",ill be red. And, for

,h~

rame reafoo, ,hro'

Ihe ",hole feeoDdary bo"" every eolour will be fUrlher from

the eeDtre

a. the

rays.of

Iba! eolour are more refraDgible.

R A

peace eODcluded. "ny war wa,ed. or any new· form of

gover.nment inClituted, withounhe advice and approbatioQ

of fome oracle . The anfwers were ufually given by the

interveD,ioD of ,he priell or pri,llefs of ,he god who was

eonrulted; aod generally exprelfed iD fueh dark and iD–

termedia.e phrafes, as might be eafily",relled 'o prove

the Iruth

the oracle whatever was the erecr. It is not,

Iherefore, to be ",ondered at, .ha. ,he p!iclls who ddi–

vered them were in ,he highell credi, aod elleem ; and

lbat .hey improved ,his repu,atioo gready. 'o Ibeir ad–

van,age. They aceordingly allowed no mao 'o coofult

,he god•• before he had offered eolll{ faeriGees. aDd

made rieh prefen.. lo ,hem. Aod. lo keep up ,he vene–

ration for their oracles,

aD.d to

preveDt their being takeQ

unprepared, ,hey admitted perfons 'o eooful••he godo

only

certain Clated times

aDd

{ometimes they were

fo eau,ious••ha. ,be grea,ell perfons eould obtain DO aD–

fwer a. aH. Thus Alexander himrelf ",as peTemptorily

denied by ,he py,hia. or

priell.rs

of Apoll9. lill!he

W",

by -Iownrigh, force, obliged to afeend Ihe tripos ; ....hen.

hetng unable

reGll any lo.ger, !he eried ou',

Ihou IITI

invincihlc;

aod Ihefe ",ords ",ere aeeerted inllead of

farrfiér oracle.

Se.

l\1YTHOLOGY.

ORACH,