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L E V 970 L E V
/',fi!lu)' F.!f·L [H L is in forl\1 of a f'luur, havlng i,s
,\\'o I~!:s 01' bl'.IIlche9 of an cqu.tlleog'h; at' jUlkture
whercof is • I,ule hol., whcnce h" n~~ a ,hre.d aod
plu'ulne, pl.ying on "perpcn,lieuIJr linc 'o ,hc Ill1d,ll~
of " quadrant [, is dividcd in,o twicc 45 dcgrees
froln ,he middleI ihid nO7.
This inllrum~n, Il11y be uCco on other oceafioos, by
pla~,og th~ eods of it3 t\Vo ~r<nches on a plane; for
when,he t',,<ad plays perpeodicululy over the middle
divifioo of the qu,drao" th" plaoc is alfuredly level.
T o ufe it in guonery, pllee the t,vo ends on ,he pieee
of m illery, which you may raiCe to aoy propoCed
he'ght, by meaos of the plum",et, whoCe thread wdl
give the degree above the level.
Carp,nUf¡ nn' Pdvi,ur, L EVEL, confi(ls of a long
rul. r, io the middle whereof is fined , at right anglcs,
•no,her fom ewhat bigger, at the topof which is fafleo·
ed a lioe, which, when it hangs over ~ fiducial line at
right .ngles wi,h the bafe, fhews that the faid bafe
ishorizontal. Sometimes this level is all ofone board.
l bid. 0 ° 8.
Cunner, L EVtL, for levelling cannons and mortars,
confi(ls of • triangular braCs·plate, about four inches
high, ibid. 9, at the bottom of which is a ponioo
of a circle, divided into 45 degrees; whieh numher is
fu/licient for the highe(l elev'lion of canooos and mor·
tars, and fo r giviog fhot the greate(l range: 00 Ihe
ceoler of this Cegmeot of a eirele is fcrewed a pieee of
braCs, by means of whieh il may be fixed or fere\Ved al
Flearure ¡ Ihe end of this pieee of brafs is made fa as
to ferve for a plummet and index, in order 10 fhew
Ihe different degrees of elevation of pieees of artillery.
This io(lrumenl has alfo a braC,o foot, to fet upoo eao·
naos or marIa", fo as, when thofe pieces are horizon ·
tal, the innrument will be perpendicular. The fool
of Ihis in(lrumeot is lO be plaeed 00 the pieee to he ele·
vated, io Cueha manoer, as that the poiOl of the plum·
m:! may fall on the proper degree : Ihis is what they
call levelliog the pieee.
MoJon', L EVE L, is compofed of Ihree rules, fo joined
as 10 form an iCoeeles.reétaogle, fomewhat like'a ro·
man A; a, the venex whereof is fallened a thread,
from whieh hangs a· plummet, that palfes over a 6du.
eial line, marked in themiddle of the ball:, ",heo the
thing 10 whieb the level is applied is horizontal ¡ but
declines from the mark, wheo the thing is lower 00
one fide than on the o,her.
Plu/IIb, or P,ndulu/ll·LEvEL, that whieh fhews theho·
rizont.1 lioes by means of another line perpendicular
10 that deCeribed by a plummet or pendulum. This
¡narumeor, ¡bid. nO 10. eooGns of IWO legs or branehes,
joined together at right angles, whereof that which ear·
ries the th read aod plummet isabou, a foot nod a half
loog; the thread is hung towaros tbe top of,he hraneh,
a, ,he poi nt 2. The middle of ,he braneh where the
thread palfes is hollolV, fOlhat it may free cvery
\Vhere: but towarrls the bonom, where rhere is a1,"le
blade of fi lvcr, whereon is drawo a line perpeodicular
to the telcCeop~1 the eavi,y is eoverecl hy two
pieets of ~",CS, makin;: as it IVere a kino of carc, le(l
th: wiod flt oult.l agitate ,he thread i [or IVhich reafoo
,he ~Ivcr I,L,do.i~ eovered wi,h a gIaCs G, to the cntl
that ,t nuy ~c I~,n w:lCn Ihc thread "nel plum'l1c, phy
upnn ,he perpcnclirular: ,he ,clcfcope is fallene/.! 10
the o,her ~r.llch of the ,nllrUOl"n" antI 's about !\va
feet long: h,lvin~ an hair plaecd horizoot<lIy aeroC.
the foeus of ,h~ o -j... , whieh d<termines the
poiot of ,he level. The"tcleCcope mu(l be fitted al
right ancles 'o ,he perpenclieu lar. le has a ball and
Coeket, by whieh ir is fallened to Ihe foot, and "'as
invented by M Picudo
R,jldling L EVEL, that made by means ofa pretty long
furfaee of water reprefenung the C,me objec1 inverted
whieh we lee ereéted by ,he eye, fa that the point
where thefe r,,'o objcéts arpe.r tO meet is a level with
Ihe place where Ihe of the water is fou od.
This is the invention of M. Marrione .
There is ano,her refleéting level eonfining of a mir.
ror of neel, al' the like, well pol,fherl, and plaeed a
li!tle before the objcél·glaCs of a teltfcope, fUlpended
perpendieularly This mirror mu(l make an angle of
45° wi,h ,he telefeope. in .hieh cafe ,he perpendicular
line of the fa id ,elcCeope is convened into a horizon.
tal line, whieh is ,he fame with the lioe of level.
This i, the invention of M. Caflini.
Woler L EVEL, that whieh fhews the horizontal lio~ by
means of a furface of water or other liquor, founded
00 this principie, rhat water .Iways pl.ees i,felf level.
See the anicle FLU'D.
The mon fimple-is made of a long woodeo trough,
or canal, whofe lides are parallel tO the baCe, Ca that
being equally filled wi,h water, its furfaee fhews the
Jioe of level. This is the ehorobates of the aneieots:
See CHOROBATA.
lt is alio made wirh two eups fitted to the two ends
of a pipe, time Or four feet long, about ao ineh in
diameter, by meaos whereo( the water eommunieates
from the ooe to ,he other eup ¡ aod this pip. being
moveableon its nand by means of a ball and foeke"
wheo rhe t\Vo eups beeome equally full of water, their
two Curfaees mark the line of level.
Th,s innrumeot. inOead of eups, may alCo be made
wi,htwo OtOn eylinders ofglaCs threeor fou rinehes loog,
fanened extreme of the pipe wi,h wax or m.llie.
loto the pipe is poured fome eommon or eoloured wa·
ter, whieh fllews itCelf thtougl~ ,he eylioders, by means
whereof the line of leveI is determined ; the height of
the water, with rer"e!! to the een,er of the earth,
being al"'a)'s the f. me io bo,h eyliodcrs: tltis level,
though very fimple, is yet ver1 eommodious for le"el·
liog fmall ditlanees.
L EVH D/ Mr H"JIi(/U'¡ illvmfiDn, eonfins of a tde·
feope o, ihid. nO 11. in form of.a cylinder, going
thrllugh a fmil, in whieh it is f.llened by ,he miJdle.
This fenil has two flJ' br, nehrs bb, one abo"e, an~
the o:herbclow; nt ,he ends whereof are f"lIeneo littl~
moving pieers, whieh carry twO rin¡:~. by olle of ,,'hió
the ,tleCeope is furpended to :In ho! k ni ,he end of ti,!
Cerell ~, and h)' the o,her a prctty hcnvy wright i3
f"fpended. in ord~r to h ep the tcleCcopc in cquolibrio.
] his weight hall~s io tho! bOJ( 5. ",hid, is .lntoH fi ll·
ce ":th ¡'nfc~d oil, oil of \Valnuts, or other matter
lhat