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" ~)' , ~!IU ior O1caflll'iog horfes. AlI lhcfe are Jivideu
in 10 fw . ineilcs, haods, &c. arcording 10 lhe ufe
lhey Me tlc(¡gne.l for.
CHAIS jhol, 111'0 bullets lI'ilh a ch~io bel"cen them.
They are Uflrl at fe. to 01001 ~t1wn yards or malls,
anu 10 cut the Ihrouds or rigging uf a Ihip.
CHAIN, in furl'eying, a me.fure of Icngth, made of a
cel taio number of links of iron·wire, ferviog to take
the diOaoee betweeo tlVO or more plaees.
Guoters ehaio of 100 fueh lioks, eaeh meafuriog
7/J\ ioches, and eon(equently cqual to 66 feet, or
!,'ur pobo See SVRVEY INC .
CH.·II SE, a fon of light, opeo ehariot, or calalh. See
CHARlOT.
CHALAZ:'\, among naturaliOs, a white kootty (on of
IIriog at eaeh end of ao egg, (ormed of a plexus of
the (¡bres of the !, whereby the yolk and
white are eónneacd together. See Ecc.
CHALCEDONY, io oatural hiOory, a geolls of femi·
pelJll~id geOI!, of an even aod regular nOt tabolated
texture, of a (emi-opaque cryllaline ba(¡s, aod vari–
egated with diffel'ent colours, di(perfed in form of
miOs and clouds, and, if nicely examined, fouod tO
be owing to ao admixture of varioos kinds of eanhs,
but imperfetlly blcnded io the mafs, and ofteo vi(¡ble
in diOlnél moleculre.
Of this genus lhere are a great maoy fpecies, as
the bluilh-white ehalcedony; the browoilh-blackchal–
cedony, or (moaky jafper or capoitis of the 'aocieots;
and the ydlow aod red chalcedooy.
AIJ tne chalcedonies give fire readily with lIeeJ,
and make no effervefceoce with aqua.fonis.
CH!\LCIDES, io zoology, the trivi.1 oame of a (pecies
lacena. See LACERTA.
CHALDE.'\, or BABYLONIA, the aocient oame of a
coontry of A(¡a, now calJeu Eyrac Arabic.
CH:\LDEE, or CHALDAIC !ongl/ng', that fpokeo by
the Chaldeans, or people of Chaldea: lt i! a dialea
oflhe Hebrew. See HEBR EW.
CHALDRON, a dry Englilh me:úure, eonfilliog of
lhiny.fix bolhels, heaped up .according to lhe fealed
buOlel kept at Guild-hall, Loodoo: bOL on Ihip·board,
twenly·one ehaluron of coals ale aUowcd 10 the fcore.
The chlldron Ihould weigh tWO thoofand pounds.
CHALK, in natoral.hillory, lhe Englilh oame of lhe
while, dry marle, wilh a dolly furface, foond io hard
malf~s, and called by aUlhors ,ni a, aod J",. er,I•.
C:l.tlk lhrown int~ waler, rai(es a great numbcr of
bllbbb, Wilh a hilling ooife, and flowly diffules ilfelf
into an impalpable powder. It fermeols more IIroog·
Iy \Vilh aciros aoy olher canh, and boros 10 lime.
As amedicine, ch.lkd&rycs, p"haps, lhe highell
pl.lee among lhe .Ik. line ab(orbents; nor is it lefs ufe·
flll in many of lhe ordlOary .ff,irs of life. !ts ofe
in cleaning yarioos uler,fil! is well known; and il is
in no fmall rerute .1S aOlanure, efpecially for cold (ollr
lao,ls; in which intentioo lhe (Ofl unaouus chalk is
moll proper, a~ lhe dr)', hanl, and IIrong chalk is for
lime. It i! a great i",prover of [ands. and will even
change lhe very nalOre of lhem. However, il is moll
advlftable LO mix olle luad of chill., with tlVO or tbree
e H A
of dong, mod, or frelh mould, whereby il will be·
come a la!liog advantage tO lhe ground: The tomlllon
allowance is founeen 100ad! of ehalk tO eyery acre.
B/.d CHALK, among pAinle,.s. denOles a kind of ochre·
ous eanh, of a clofe IIruaure, and fine black colour,
ufed in drawing opon bloe papero
Red CHAL«, an indur'led eI.yey oehre, common in lhe
colour-Ihops, aod mueh ufed by painlers and mi·
fieers.
CHALLONS en Iht Mo,nt, the capilal of lhe Chal·
lonois, in lhe province of Champaign in Franée, filU'
ated eigllly.tWO miles eaO oC Paris, and lhirty (oulh·
call of Reims: E.long. 4' 35', N.lat. 48° 5¡'. It
is a bilhop's (ee.
CH U LOSS en Ih, Soon, a city of Burgundy io France,
thiny-two miles (oulh of Djjon: E. long. 5°, N. Iat.
46°' 40" JI is lhe (ee of a bilhop.
CHALYBEAT, in medicine, ·an appellalioo given to
any liqoid, as wine or water, impregnmd Wilh palli.
eles of iron or lIeel.
Dr Monro, profelfor of anatomy at Edioborgh, by
pooring a linaore of galls into common wa¡er, Qnd
dilfolving lherein a fmall quantity of (al manis, add·
ing (ome filings of iron, and oil of vitrol, proeu.,red
a water exaaly like lhe oaloral chalybeat waler ; and
heis of opinion, lhat IVhere lhefe are nOllO be had, lhe
artifici al water may be made 10 aofll'er all lheir inten·
tions, accordiog to ils being more or lefs clofely kepl,
or expo(ed in lhe air or heat, &c.
CHAM, or KHAN, a IVord of much the (ame im1or\
with fing in Englilh: lt is the lide of lhe fovmigo
princes oC Tanary, and is likewi(e applied tO the
prioeipal noblemen in Perfia.
CHAM, in geography,.a town of the Bavarian palatiom,
fitoated on a river of lhe (ame Dame, abd\tt tIVenly·
five miles nonh·call of Ralilbon; E. long. 13°, N.
lat. 49° 1¡'. .
CHÁMA, in zoology, a genus of lhell·61h belongiog 10
lhe order of vermeslellacea. The Ihell i! lhick, and
has tIVO valves; il is in animal of the oyOer kiod.
Lion:los enumerale! 14 fpecies, principally dillinguitb–
ed by the figure of lheir Ihells.
CHAMft:BATOS, in botany. See RUBu s.
CHAI\1ft:BUXUS, in botany. See POLYGHA.
CHAII1ft:CERASUS, in botaoy. See LONlCEU.
CHAMft:CLEMA, in bOlaoy. See HEDERA.
CHAMft:CRISTA, in bOlaoy. See CHI1A.
CHAMJEDAPHNE, in bOlany. See KALMIA.
CHAMft:DRYS, in bOlany. See VEROWICA.
CHAMitLEA, io . See CENORU M.
CHAMft:LEON, in zoology, thetrivial name of l fpe-
cies of lacena. See LACERTA.
CH .~M.iELlNUM, in bataoy. See LlNUM.
CH.iMiEMILUM, in bOlany. See MATRICARIA.
CHAM.iENERION. in bOlany. See Em"BlvM.
CHAM,'EPITYS, in botany. See TEUCRIUN .
CHAM¡ERHODODE¡ DROS, in bOlany. See A·
'ZALE A.
CH.\~I ft:ROPS, or HVMB LE 'PAL M, in bOlany, a ge·
nos ranged onder lhe palml' fl.lb.llifoliz of Llnnzus.
lt is a Dative of Sp2iD.
P,iv,