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~,a r~r" rrt tOtht cCl\~reJ way, nopi"g eafily tuW~"~S
tht ~h."lIpAlO ur liel,\'
GL1\DDJ N. S,. I.,s.
(J¡'AOF. , in gtrd\" ni,lg :wd agri':l1ltnre, an orening :1nd
hl:ht :,);. nlJde throllgh a ",,,",1, oy 10pplll~ olr the
¡'"nrhes 01' t' éLS. Iong Ih ,t w~y .
GL:\OI :\ rO!~ S, io dot"IU!t)', perfoll s ",heo fought ge'
o<r.lly io the "eoa :lt Ru",e, 101the COtelt,ioment uf
t!,e people.
The gldJidtors were ul",lIy O' l'e!, ao,1 fough t out
uf OeCdll!)' ; thou~h IUlIl<tlllles fretlnen o>dde prufeRi"n
th, reoC, like ollr prizefighters, for a lil'chhood. Thc
Ronuns bor"'~'eJ tllls e¡lIe! rlil'erlioo i'rom the Ali,t·
lIes ; antl IVe lio" tlw the vay high·p¡¡etIs hddtheir ludi
('ontifie,lls, aool luJi l,eerJotJlls. As from the ear·
Ioe(\ ag~s of . ntiquity we rtad that il 11''' eulloma,y
tO f.erifieeprifo"ers 01' war tOthemanes of thegre. t meo
,hat ftl l in theeng'gcment; inprcee(s oftillletheycame
lO(,cnfi:e.nav~s at the (uoe"ls of al l perfons oí' eoo·
<lition; bUl as il would have appeared barbarous lOetlt
lh!ir ,hrnats I;ke bea(\s, they were appoinred tO fighl
with eaeh "ther, and do lheir bell tO L" e lheir oIVa
I,ves by ki l!ing l~ei r adl'erfHY.
g eoce arofe the of-arms ealled laoin:.., anJ
ami meo !caroed 10 fight. Th& laoiOre bonghl n" 'es
lOtraio up to this erud m de, whom the)' "fterward!
fvld lOf"eh as had oee.fion to exhibit n,e,,"s. Juoius
BrUlUS, whoeXjlelld the klogs, was the ,¡dI d,"l ho·
noured lhe fu neral of his f,ther with lhefe inhoOlandi·
verfions at lhe frpulchre of lhe deeeaCed ; but afler·
wards lhey were removed lO theeireus aod amphilhea.
lres; and other perfons, belitres naves, would hire
es tOlhi, iofamous ofliee.
TiJey ",ere all r,ri! (wom ;hat lhey would fight lill
dcath ;··an.l if they failed, lhey IVere put lO death, ei·
lher by fir~, 1¡'lOrds, cl,:bs, whips, 6c. It was ufual
IVilh the peop!c, or emperor, to braol lheOl life when
lhe)' !hewed 00 figus of fe~r. Augo(\us dcereed thal
it nloulda!ways b. gr~oted lhem.
Fromn. ves anl! frced Oleo, the wamon fpor! fprcad
10 p"fons 01' raok, as IVe fintl io Nero's time. And
Domitian exhibilcd eombats oi' ~ OOlen io lhe oighl'
lime: \Ve . ,(0 read, that dwarís encouolered with ooe
an"ther. Coofldrlioe the Greal firO prohibited thefe
cOltbm in the E.O ; bUl the pra{tiee was nOt eotirdy
abohnled inthe Wellberore Th~odorie king of the O–
UrOAOtLs, in lhe year ¡oo.
Vlh·:o aoy perfon deligned tO eomln:o the pcople
with a !how af gladiators, he fet up bilis in Ihe publie
plaees , giving ao ~eeOUOI of the time, lhe oumh"
aod nar.lts "f lhe eom!..taot" a'ld th, eircuOlJ1,loees
IIIhercby they were lO be dilltnglli!hed; eaeh hal'inJ
his feveral badge, whiehgenerally was a peaeoek's fed'
ther: they alfo g:lI'e notiee whal time lhe OIOW \\ould
Jafl i aod fometimes gave rep,efeomioos of thefe lhings
io p.intinA_ as is pra{tlfcd aOloor, us, by thofe who
have ;¡ny thio~ lO!hall' al fairs, Óc.
Upoo the day appoiotcd fc.r the n,ow, in lhe fi,(\
pldee "ors were broughl OUI all togtlher, . n,!
obli¡:~d lOt,ke a eire"il r'Juou lhe arcoa 111 a Vel y 1'0
. (; J. A
lell1 nand pnmp0tls manller. Afta tl,l!. d.l·Ypro,údul,
parí" ft;"'/,~/Ur(, to 111,11..:11 lhcllI hy p~IIS) In ~hlCh
gl eat ca re IV.' t.k, o tv makc the Ol,t d"' l'lu.1. Th.
1,,11 fOlt 01 wCd pons they 1ll.,J<uf, ..r "el< 1I.,.s cr
woo,kn fi b , c.,II,d ,udeS; .nd tl,e f,.:cnd IVere df, e·
ll ve Wt.IPOIJS, as (words, pOITI.uds. 6,...
T he lidl \Vere c,lIed amIa lufo';." or (x,."i/f;ri.:
lhe fecood, drculoria, ~s bl'iog gil'en by deeree 'lr
feotrnce 01' the pl :-etor, or of him ~t whufe cxpence
lhe J'ptélacle w~s exlll bi'ed.
Thty bcgall to Cenee ur Ikinnin'lVith the ~rfl, IVhitl,
was tObe the prd ude lu the bottle; aod Cr om thtfc,
wheowell lVarmed, they adl',omllOthe feeond, \Vith
whieh lhey fought nak~d. The frrfl pan of lhe en·
gagemeol was eJlled ,'mli!art, pulud", : aod the fe–
cond di11lit:are (Id ctrlU1IJ, or t'rrjiJ Uf mÍ! t ugnare.
\VilclI any r.ceil'cd a rCOlark.blo \Vouod, tlther his
adverf"y 01' lhe reople uf~d tO"y OUt, Haba, or,
Hoe ha/¡,' . If the l'ancl"ifl,ed lu rreodercd his arms,
it WdS nOl io th.. vi{tors po\\'er tOgraol him life: ir
was lhe people durirJ tl~: lime of the republic, and
the PIioee or people duriog the time of the empire,
lhat were . Ione empowered tOgr.lnt this booo. The
t\Vo ligos of f'l'our and rlinike giveo hy lhe people
IVere, pum" e /,olliulI/, allJ verl(l ' pollrw /J; lhe fol"
mer of IVi,ieh 1'1. Daeier t.kes tObe a cleoehiog of the
fiogersof bOlh hallds betwceo ooe aoother, aroa 10 hold–
iog lhc llVO,humbs uprighl clole together, was a fign
of the peoples ad:1,itatioil of the courage Ihewnby both
combatants; ao.J at the time for the cooqueror
to fpare his aotagooifl'. !tf~: but the c"ntrary motion,
or beodiog b,lek of the thumbs, figOlhed the dill:lli(·
fa{tion of thé fp:{talors, aod aUlhorifed lhe ,'i{tor to
kili lheother eombalaol clownrighl fo r acOlI'ard. T he
emperor faved whomhe liked, if he was prcJ' ot allhe
folemnity, io the fame maooer.
Afler the cnr,agement, feveral marks of fal'ou r It'ere
coofcrred 00 the vI{tor. F""ieularl y a braoeh oi' palm.
Iree; and oft entimcs ~ Cumof mooey, perhaps gathcr.
ed up amoog the fpcétators : but the moll eummoo re·
wards w('re the pi lcu3 aod the rudis ; the former beiog
gil'eo ool y tOfueh gladiotlors as were ndVeS , for a ·to·
kco of olJt3ioill~ thei r fr" 'r!om; but lhe rutlis feems
10 have beco bdloll'td hoth on es aod (rlCtoen, with
this dill'c,ence, that il proeun d the lonner 00 more
thao a u,feharge from aoy (ulther performance in pu–
blie, upon whiC'h thcy eommonly ,urned lanilla : bUl
the rudi. , wheo giveo tOfueh p~rfons as, being free,
Ildd hired themfe lves OUl for thcCenlOlVS , reflorru them
to a full enjovllleot of their I,bcny. See PIL EUS,
!tUD tS. and LANI STA.
G L.1 D lO LU~ . io botaoy, ageous of the ¡riandria mo.
nog)'oia el, fs. The eurolJ.1's "ogent , and ,livided io.
to lix pam. Tlicre are IlOfp"""s, ooneof them 0.–
tives o( !:llit"in.
GLAM,\. S, e C... ! .
GL t\MORG ¡1 ·SIHlt E. a rouoly of So,lt h W. b ,
bouI"ltd by 13llckoudfl,ire 111' the oo"h, .nel by t!·.
E, illol c!"ilocl on the f,,"th. It~ c,Ipira l lS Landdll'.
GLtlND, in anatOllly. S,,· AN.\l o,tV, p. 307.
(jI. \ DE RS,