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GERTRUDENIlURG, a fonified town of lhe uniled
NecherJands, in lhe province of Holland, nine miles
norlh of Bredl ; fubjeét co che prince of Oranze,
GERUN D, in gr.mmar, a v~rbal oo~n of che oeuter
genuer, partaking of che nature of a panicipl~, de·
c1inable ooly io che Gogular number, through all che
cafes excepc the vocacive ; as, nom, ama//dum, gen,
omt1ndi, doc, amanJo, llceuf. amandu/ll, ab!. QmJndo,
GESNERL~, in bocany, a genus of plancs, of che di·
uynamia clafs. T he ealix rells upon che germen, and
conGOs of fi vc fegmencs; lhe eorolla is bent inwards
and backwa,ds; che capfule is below che flower, and
bilocular, There are cbr<~ fpecies, Done of lhcm
nalives of Bricain,
GESTATlON, among phyficians , See PaEG~ANCY,
GESTRICIA, a province of SIVeden, bounded by Hd·
fingia 00 lhe nonh, by lhe Bochnie gulph 011 che eaO,
by Upbnd 00 che fou:h, al1d by D.lecarlia 00 cbe
\VeO,
GESTURE, in rhecoric, eonG,;s chieBy in lhe proper
aétion of ch: hands aod fm,
CETHYLLIS, in bocany, a genus of che decaodria·
monogynia el.,fs , Theqlix is a fpacha; lhe eorolla
conGOs of fix fegments; and che eaprule has chree eells,
There is buc ooe fpeeles, a naliv~ of Africa,
GEVAUD.'LN, a lerritory of Languedoc, adjoining [O
lhe Cevenoes,
GEUM, in botany, a genus nf the ieofandria.pen–
lagynia claf, , The calik has eighc fegmenls; che
petals are eighc ; and che feeds are hairy and caudated,
There are rive fpecies, C\VO of IVhich are nacives of
,Bricain, viz, the urbanum,or common avens ¡ aod che
the rivale, or water avcns. The root of the avens is
fometimesufed as a Oomachic,
GHENT, or GAUNT, a ciiy and capital of FlandeES,
thiny miles north weO of Bru(!'els: E, long, 3° 36',
N, lat, Sl o,
It 'is a- I, rge fonified town, twelve miles in cireum·
benee, and defeoded by a cicadel; and yet is a place
of no great Oreoglh, by rcafoo of the vaO exteoc of
ground it takes in,
GIAGH, in chronology, a cycle of t\Velve years; in
ufe among the Turks and tal~ayans,
Eaeh ycar of lhe giagh bears a name of fome ani·
mal,: thc firff, Ihat of a moufe; the fecood, thal of a
bullock ¡ tbe third, of a Iynx or leopard ¡ the foun h,
of a horfe ¡ the nfch, of a crocodile; lhe fiXlh, of a
ferpent; Ihe fe,'eDlh , of a horfe¡ the eighth, of a
!heep; Ihe niolh, of a monkey ¡ the temh, of a hen;
the eleventh, of a dog ¡ and me tlVelflh, of a hog,
They alfo divide lhe day into twelve parts, wnieh
they call giaghs, and diOioguiOI them by lhe name of
fome animals, Each giagh contains t\Vo of our hours,
and is aivided inlO eight kehs, as many as there are
quarrers in our hours.
GI.'\.LLOLlNO, io nalur,1 hiOor)', a heavy, fri ble,
fine , yellow oehre, called Naples )ello\V, and mueh
ured amongl'ainlers, \Vho dleem il a ver)' fioe eolour,
CIANT'SCAU SE\VA Y, a vaO eolleétion of a black kind
of marble, called baf, lces, in the eOllDly of Aotrim,
iD rreland, Sce BlSU TU.
cmnoüs, a term in mcdiei,u, denoting any protube.
canee?r eonvexlty of. the body, as a perfo3 hauocbed,
or hump bockeu,
GI BBUUS, in altro::omy, a term ufed io refmnee 10 Ih~
enlighcened parts of che moon, whim Ibe is mo.iog
from the firlt quaner to the full. aod from the full to
the Illt qUlner: for all that time lhe dark 'part appms
horned, or fa!caled ; aod the Jighc one huochefr OUI,
convex, or gibbous,
CIlJELlNS, GIU oLLINS, a farnous faétion in Italy,
oppofice, 10 another ealled Ihe Guelphs,
Thele IIVOfac1ions ra••ged and J,id \VaOe for
a loog feries 01' yem, fo chat the hi!tory of chat
couOlry, for Ihe fpace of I\VO centuries, is no more
thana delail of lhei, I1liltual violences and flaughcers,
The Gibeli"S !tood for Ihe emperor againO the pope:
buceoocernin~ lhcir origin ánd the reafon of their
names, "'~ Juve but a ver y obfcure aceounl, Aeeor.
ding 10 the general,cy of aUlhors, they rofe about Ihe
year 114o, upon che emp~ror Frederiek IL's beiogex.
communicmci by lhe pope Gregory IX, Other wri.
ters maincain, Ihat the tWO faétinns arofe ten years
befo, e, though {[ill under the fame pope aod emperor.
BU't the moOprobable opinion is that of Maimbourg,
who fays , thacthe tIVO faétions of Guelphsand Gibtl.
IlOs aJofe from a quarrcl bec'.veeo tlVO ancient and il,
Junrious hOllfes 00 Ihe confines of Germany, that of
the Henries of Gibeling, and thal of Ihe Guelphs of
Adorf,
GIBRALTAR, a port tOIVO of Andalufia, in Spain,
fubjea 10 Great Bricain: W, long , 6°, and N, lal.
36° ,
1t Oands al the fOOl of mount Cal pe, one 91 Her·
cules's pillars, aboul fixleen miles nonh of Ceuta, in
Africa, fromwhich ic is di,'ided by lhe Streigbts, to
which it gives Dame, !t is built ón a rock, in a penin.
fHla, and can only be appro!Ched on the land·fide by
a very narrow pa(!"ge belween Ihe mounlain and Ihe
fea: crofs this pa(!',ge che Spaoiards have drawo a line,
and foni ficd il, 10 prevent Ihe garri[on's having aoy
communicacion lVich lhe eouotry,
The Scrails ofCibraltar are abouc t\Veoly.four miles
long, and Hteen broad.
CIFT, in Scocs law, See DONA TION ,
ClGG, or JI CC, in mufie, denoles a briO( and lively
air ¡ or ao airy kind of dance 10 a fpril htly meafure,
GILAN, a prorin.e of PerGa, bounded by the Cafpian
Sea on Ihe nonh , !ts capilal is a eity of the (ame
name: E long, 48°. and N, lal. 37°,
GILBERTINES, a religious order founded in
by St Gilbm, in the rcign ~f Henry 1. Tite nuns
followed cite rule of St Benedill, and th& monks Ihat
of AuguOin There \Vere many mooartries of this or·
oer in diffmnl pans of England,
CILDING, the art of fpreadlOgorcovering a thing Wilh
gold, eilher in leaf or liquld ,
\Ve have chis advaolage O,'er Ihe ancients, in lhe
manner of ufing and applying the , lhat Ihe fw~t
of paioting in oil, lately difeo.ered, furnilbes us with
me,ns of gilding IVorks, eapable of ~Dduriog all che
lioknce of Ji.;) lnd wealhcr, which th,ir: cculd nol.
Thcre