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G E N ( 6]2 ) G E N
"!len. lt is l r~l'uulic, ~t)vernccl by a cDuneil of ~oo,
and a fcnale ol tll'ent )' Í1ve mCllIuers; and il faid 10
cOntlin 30,oco inhauitanl'.
GUEVA, or G IN, among dirtillers, an ordinary malt
fpirit, dillill"d a fecond time, with Ihe aJdilion of
fome juoipcr·bcrries.
Origiol\lIy, the berrics wcre ad¿ed ro rhe malt in
Ihe gnmling; fo that rhe fpirit thUi outaineJ lI'as BOl'
vour~d \\'ilh rhe bef!ics flom fidl. and el'Ceedcd al!
thar could be made b)' any other mcthod. At preftnt,
Ihey lcave OUt the berries entirely, and give their fpi–
Tits a flavour by dillilling themWilh a prope, quantilY
of oil oE turpentine; which, though it nearly rtfem·
bies th~ fiavour of juniper-berries, has nOne of their
valuaule vimes.
GENIAL, an epithct given by' the'Pagans 10 certoin gods
who were filppofed to prefide over gencration.
The genial gods, fays Fdlus, "\Vere earth, air, fire,
and warer. The t\Uelve figlls, together with.lhe [un
and moon. were fometimes alfo ranked io the number.
GENICULl, among bo(aoill~, lbe kflO!5 or joints in the
llaJks of plants; wheoce uleyare deoominated genic~·
lale plants.
GENIOGLOSSI, io anatomy. See ANA'I'0/01 V, p.
3c4·
GENIOHYOIDA:US, in anatomy. See ANATOMV,
p. 3°4·
GENIS, a lown of Savoy, fituated 00 me ri~er' Guier,
twelve miles wen of Cbambery.
GENISTA, GUEN,ws'En , or D·VER'S WH D, a ge·
nus of the diadelphia decaodria claCs. T he caliKis
bilabiated; Ihe veJul!llm is oblong, aod reBeéled. There
are 14 fpecies, two nf whK:b are uatives of Britaio.
tliz. the tinéloria, OT dyer!s weed; aad lbe angHca,
or aeedle·fu rze.
GENITAL, an appeUalioo giveo 10 whalever belQogs to
Ihe par\! of generatioo. See GE N~RAT>ON .
GENITES, amoog the Hebrews, thofe defctOded from
Abraham. without any mixture of foreigo blood.
The Greeks dinioguifhed by lhe name of genites
fueh of tbe Jews as were i[ued ffolU parents, who,
during Ihe Babylonifh captivity, had not aJlied witb
aoy gentile family.
GENITlVE. in grammar, tbe fecooo cafeof lhe deeleo–
.fion of nouns . The relation of ooe lhing confKlerec!
as belongiog infome maoner·to anorher, h~ occafioned
a peculiar lermioatian of nouns, called tbe genitive
cafe: But in the vulgar tongues, they m. ke ule of a
lign to exprefs the reJation of this cafe . In Englüh
Ihey pre6x the particle.r, in French d~ or du, &c.
Though io ariélnefs there are no caCes in eilher of
thefe languages ; inalinuch as tbey ~o nOI exprefs the
dilferent relatiofts of thing~ by dilferent terminatiOl1s,
but by additionaJ prepofitions. whieh is olhmvife in
Ihe Latin.
CENIUS, a food or evil fpirit, or dremon, whom the
aocient! fuppofed fet over each perfon , lO direft his
birth, accompaoy him in life. and be his guardo See
DA: MON .
The rank and office of the genii \Vere inferior to
tbofe of Ihe lare! j Ihe lamr Wtre Ihe lutdar
goJs of a f. O\;ly, whereas the g~nii h,d'lhe care 01' bO-
vernment unl, uf Gngle pel rons. or places.
GF. NI US, in maltcr5 01 literaturc, &e. a n.tural talenl
or difp"r,tion to do One thing more than aoolher; or
lhc aptituJe aman has received nature tOperform
IIItll and ealil)' that which olhers can do bUI inuitre.
r-ently . nd with a greal deal of p ins.
1'0 kuow the benl of oature is lhe moll important
concero. Men come int.o lhe world with a gel1ius de.
lermined nol ooly to a cenaio an, bllt tOcertain pans
of that art, in which ooly they are cabable of futeefs.
If lhey quit t~leir fph ere, tbey fall even below medio·
crity in !heir profellion. Art and induilry add mucJ¡
tOnatural endowmenls., but cannOI fupply them where
lhey are wanting. Every tbing depends Ongenius. A
painler often ple<\fes without obferviog rules, whiHI:
anoula di[pleafes though he obferves t·hem. b:callfe
he has DOI tlJe happintfs of being boro with a genius
far pó\Íntiag.
GENOA, a city and archbifhop's fee of ltaly. and ca·
pital of a repubJic of the name. is butlt 011 a
ilrand near the Cea, :Illd rifes gradually tOIbe IOp of a
hill; lhe hoof<s, whieh are 10flY and well buill, riGng
Jike the fcats of a lhwre, aíford a fine profpea al fea.
The harbour is large and d((p, and lheprineipalltrm.
from one eod to the nrher, refemules a double row of
palaces: E. long. 9° 30', aod N. lar. 44° 30.
GENTIANA, in botany, a genus of the penlaodria d·
gynia clafs. Tile corolla coartas of one petal; !he
capfule has two valves, aDd ooe cel!. Thereare tw<nty–
eigbt Cpeci::s, 6veof which are oatives of Britain, . iz.
the poeumoaothe, or calathian viole!; the amarella. or
autumoal geoti¡n; the centaurium. Or Itlrer eent. ury ;
the campellris., or vernal dwarf gentian.; aod the fili–
formis. or marlh ceotury.
The roOl of tRis planl is large, remarkably tough,
alld of a fi rmtexture. Ir is brought to us from Ger·
many, where it is io O1aoy places cultivated as liquo.
rice is amongll us i and it is tO be chofeo frelh, tuugh.
Ilf a middle Gze, free froro!he fmall 6bres, and weJl
dried; tho' if il be feorched, it is tO be rejcéled Tbi,
root is one of Ihe bellltom.chics.
GENTILE. in matters of relisioo, a pagaD, or worlhip.
per of falfe gods.
GEnl LE, in the Roman lawand binor.y, a name wbicb
fO(U~limes exprelfes what the Remans otherwife called
barbarians, whether they were allies of Rome or nOI:
but this word was ufed in a more particular fenfe for
211 ftrangers and foreigners AOt Cubjeft to tbe Romao
empire.
GENTLEMAN,usHEIl of (h~ MacA ,.d. See Ron.
GEN1'LEMEN .[ (h~ chope!. ofReers whofe duty and at·
tendance is in the roplchapel, being in number thi;ty-
11'.0, whereof lwelve are pr iens ; lhc olher lll'cnty,
eommonly Ealled clerks of the chapd, aflilt in lhe pe:·
forntanee of divine fervic~. One of lhe "rUtwclve tS
chofen for confc(!'or of the houfhold, whofe oflice il il
to read prayers cvery morning tOIhe houfhold fervants,
10 vir,t lhe r,ck, examine .nd p'"pare communicants,
and adminilter the faclamen!.
One of twenty cI.:rks. wdl vcrfcJ io mur,c, is ehoflA
Jirll