1000000030

G E N

GENDER, a.mong gramOlarians. a

di,~fion

of nouns, or

Dames, 10 d,rhngu,lh Ihe IWO fexes.

This w. s ,he original imemion

genrler

but, af·

lerwards, olher words which had nOp"'per rel' lioll,

eilher 10 Ihe one fex or Ihe olher. h. d gcoders . ffigoed

Ihcm, ralher Out of caprice Ih. o reafoo

which is al

leoglh enabl dhed by eullom. Heoee gende'" varyae–

cording 10 Ihe laoguages, or even aeeording 10 Ihe

.¿

words inlroduecd from ooe laoguage iOlo anolher.

T hus

arhor,

io Lalin, is femioioe ; bUI

.rbre,

ioFrcoeh,

is mafculioe : and

denJ,

in Lalin, is mafeulioe

den

I, in Freneh. is femioioe.

GENE!\LOGY, aoeoumm lionof a feries of ancdlors;

or a

fllOlm.ry

aeCOllnl of Ihe rel.•lioos . nd ,lIianees of

a perfooor family. bOlh in Ihe diretl and collaleralline.

GENEP, a 10IVO io Ihe dUlehy of Cleeve, in GClmany.

/iluated 00 Ihe Nierfe and Maefe, len miJ.s weil of

Cleeve : E. loog. 5°,0', and N. lal. 51 ° 40"

GENERAL. ao appellalioo giveo 10 whalever belongs

10 a whole geous. See GENUS.

GENERA L CH H GE, in 1. 11'. See CHARGE

l o

~nl"

h,ir.

G ~NERAL

TERMS ,

.moog logieians, Ihofe whieh are

made Ihe figos of geoeral ideas.

GE NHAL

o[ an . rmJ,

io Ihe arl of war, he who como

maods in ehief.

The ofli ce of

general is, lOregulate Ihe mareh aod

ent.1mpmenl of Ihe army

in the day of banle 10 ehuCe

out Ihe moll

aJvanla~eous

ground

10 Olake Ihedifpo·

(jIion of Ihe 2fmy

10 poil Ihe artillery

and where

Ihere is oceafiou, 10 feod his ordm by his aids de

eamp. Al a fiege, he is 10 eaufe Ihe place 10 be in·

Telled

10{)rder Ibe approaehes aod allleks

10 vifit

the works

and 10 fend out

delachmeo.ls

to feeure bis

eoovoys.

GENERATING LI NE, or FIGURE, in geometry, is

Ibal which by ils mOlion produces aoy olher plaoe or

f.Jlid figúre

GENERATlON, in phyfiology, the aa of proerealiog

aod prodlleing a being fimilolr 10 Ihe parent.

Aecording to Arinode, Ihe maleanimals eoolaioIhe

principie, and Ihe fem ale the maHer of generalion :

{or Ihough bOlh wcre fll rnifhed indeed " ilh a feminal

liqúor, yel Ihe fe!\len of Ihe males . Ione wal prolifie.

The

motl~rns,

on Ihe olher hand, as wdl Ihofe who

conlend for the fyaem of geoeralion from egg', as

Ihey ",ho adopt Ihat of Ihe aoimalcules in Ihe maleo

ked, pretend Ihat (emales have no {uch fetnin. lliquor

.JI,

and Ih.1 II hat

)113S

eommooly lakeo for it " as

fonle olher animal Huid.

Harvey is of opinion,. Ihat . 11 females are furnifhed

wilh eggs, and!llll the embryos, or young aoimals,

:;¡re forroed io' Ihe fame manber as a chiek io Iheegg of

any bird. Geoeralion, . ccording 10 this cclebmed

phyficían, is effeaed wholl ybymeans ohhe urerus, or

womb ; wbieh eooceives Ihe

f~lul

kind of coo·

tagion commuoicared tO il by the male·feed, much in

Ihe fame way a. the 10ad·Oone communicales magoe·

tifm

iron. T his coolagion. he Ihinks, aft, DOt

only on Ihe uterus, bUI is commu oieated tOIhe whole

body of the female, whieh is altogelhe< prolific

Iho'

tite Ulerus, he acknowledges, is Ihe ooly par! thal i.

G E N

"pable of

concei.i~g

the (i:etus, juil as Ihe braio' i.

alolle

cap~ble

of formlog ideal and lIolionl. Agreeable

10 Ihis doarioe of Harvey, Sleno aod olhcr analo·

mifls h.lVe prelenJd 10 dif, over cemi n eggs iDIhe

ol'aries or Icilicles of womeo

which Mr l.Iuff'on de.

nies 10 be the cafe, afli1ming. Ihat Ihere are no foeh

eggs lObe foun d in the ovaries or lenicles of women.

IVe eanoot enler inlo a dwil of Ihe reaConiogs (or

and againn Ihe fyrlcm of genemion Jrom eggs ; aoJ

Ou lllherefore ooly obferve, Ihal

it~

advocales prmnd

10 have difeovered

cggs

in all Ihe (emales

which

Ihey made obrervatioos ; Ihat Ihe IargeO of thoCe fouod

in women did not txeceJ the bigoe!'s of a pea; Ihu

Ihey are extremely fmall in yonng girls under founeen,

but Ihu age aod commerce "·,,h menmakes them grolV

larger

Ihal Ihere are more Ihao twenly Cueh egg' io

eaeh ovary or teOicle

Ihal Ihey are fecundaled in Ihe

ovary by Ihe fpirilu olls and !folatile part of the male–

feed; that they aflerwards are dmehed and fall iOlo

Ihe uterus throllgh Ihe

Fallopi~n

lubes

Ihal here Ihe

f~lus

is formed o( .Ihe internal fubllaocc of Ihe tgg,

aod the placenta o( Ihe eXlerior parto

Leewenhoek is Ihe . ulhor o( . oollter fyilem of ge–

nemioo, from animaleules in Ihe male feed. He lell.

us, he difcovered many Ihoufands o( Ihefe in a

iro~

lefs Ihan a grain of fand. They are foand in the fe·

nten of all males whalever, bUl nOI inIhat of females;

and . re fo Cmall, Ih.1 3.000,000,000 of Ihemare 001

equal to a groin of fand, whofe diameter is bUI Ihe

hundredlh part of an inch. When any of thefe ani'

maleulcs gets imo ao egg, filIO reeei" il, and Ihis

fall. iOlo the IVomb Ihrough the Fallopian tubCl, Ihe

humours which drllil Ihrough Ihe vdrds of rhe womb,

penetratinz Ihe eom of Ihe egg, fwell 'and

d~ate

il, as

Ihe fap of Ihe e.rtlt doc. feed Ihrown imo il. Therla–

ceola begins 10 arpear like a.Iinleclooo, upon ooe fiJe

of-tite eXlernal coal o( Ihe egg ; anJ, at Ihe fame lime

the fpine of Ihe embryo·aoimalCllle is grown fo big. as

10 become vifible

and a litde Qfm wards, the cereo

brum aod cerebeilum apprar·like t\Yo bl:KlJm; and

Ihe eyes !land next gogghng out of Ihe head ; Ilren Ihe

beating of Ihe heart, or puna om faliens, is plaioly 10

be feen

aod Ibe extremllies difeover themfdves lart

of all.

Thefe animalcules are o( dilterenl figures, fome like

tadpoles, and olhers like eels. In thefemenofaman,

and in Ihal of a dog, Ihere have becn difeovm d tWO

diff'ereot kind. of them, Ihe one fuppoCed 10 be l1Ial..

and the olhe< females. Some tven prelend tO have

fcen animalcules difengage Ihemfelves from Ihe mem–

branes Ihal furrou od Ihem; and Ihal Iheythenappeared

perfealy like men, with legs, arOlS,

&c.

lik~

Ibofe of

Ihe numan body!

AII Ihe

arlvoeale~

for Ihe fyilem of geomtion from

animaicules nrongly oppofe Ihal' from eggs. They

coolend, Ihal thefe aoimaicules caonol be looked upon

as Ihe inhabilants of Ihe femen, finee lbey wm of

grmer eXlenl Ihan Ihe liquor ilfelf; not tO mention,

thal no fueh animals are found io any olher liquon of

Ihe body; and finee females have nothiog

fimilar.lo

Ihef~

aoimals Ibey Ihink il r.1lIIifdl lbal Ihe proh6c

priaPple