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Htcaur. lbe rOIUlion is a proof o( fagacilY, which affords

DOaid io traci ng

labyrinlh.

froOl its head, is in one f,nfe natural, as "hales of a cero

lain f¡,ecies have ,h. t power; but it is Cufficieor

maka

tbis defign be

reje~ted,

lh,t its Gngularity wOlllo make 'il

~ppear

uooatural : there is . oother rearoo agaion it, thaf

lhe figure of a whale is in itfelf not agrec¡ble. In the

maoy fouotaios in and aboUl Rome, lIdtues of Gn,es

ar~

frequeotly eOlployed lO fuppon a large bafon of water.

This uonatural cooceit is nOl accouotable, uoleCs from

rhe conneélieo belwcen water and lhe fifh that Cwim in il'

which, by the way, fhows the iofiueoee uf efen lhe flighte;

reJations.

Thc gorJeos of Vtrf.illes, execuled Wilh inhoite ex.

r:nce by the bcfi

artifi~.

thal'Conld be fouod, are a laning

mOO\lmenl of a lalle lhe mon depraved: the faults aboye

mentioned, infiead of boiog a"oided, are choCeo as beau.

lies, and muhiplied without end Nature, il would feem,

'fas

deem~d

100

vulgar la be imilm¿ io the works of

magnificent monarch; aod for thar reafoo prerereoce was

given to things uooatural, which probably were mifiaken

for Cupematural.

lI,aight road is lhe moll agreeable, becauCe il Ihorteo!

tbc

journey.

B~t

in ao embellifhed field, a nraight walk

has aH ,ir of niffnefs and conhocmenl: and al aDy rale is

leCs agree>ble than

winding or waving walk ; for in furo

vaying the .beaUl!e, of ao ornam. nted field, we love

roam from place la place al f,eedom . Wioding walks

have aoolher advantage.: al eve,y nep they opeo new

,iews. In fhort, lhe walks ill a fidd iOlended tO pleafe

lhe eye, ough t

001

to have any aP1'earance of a ruad.

This rule excludes

001

loog llraight opeoings terminating

~poo

dinanl obj:éls

which opeoiogs, beGde variety,

never fai l

raife an ematioo of granaeur, by exteoding

in appeatance the he of tue ru:ld: ao opeoiog without

lerminaring oujeél, Cooo cloCes upoo the eye; but

Obieél,

whatever difiaoce, cootinues lhe opening, and

deludes the fpeélator inlo a conviéloo, that the mes

which conhnt lhe view are cootioued till lhey join lhe

objeél: aod the objeél alCo, as obCerved abo"e, feems lO

be at a grmer difhnce lhan it is in reality. Straight

walks.alCo in recdres do el'mmely weJl: lhey vary the

ftenery, aod are favourable

meditation.

Aa avenue oughl nOl

be direéled in a nraigbl Jine

upoo a dwelling.houfe: heuer far an oblique approach

in a waviog line, with fingle trces and other fcanered ob·

jtéls interpofed. In

direél approaeh, lhe firfi appear·

anc<

cont~ues

lhe fame tOlhe end: we Cee a houfe al a

dinaoee, aotl we fce ir all aloog in lhe fame fpot WilboUl

any

urielY. Ina'. oblique approacb, lhe interpofed ob·

jeéls pUt lhe houfe feemingl)' in motÍon: il mom witl¡

the palfenger, and appears to diretl ilS courfe

as hofpi.

lably

to.

iottrcepl him. An obJique approach coorri.

butes alCo

variely: lhe honCe, b¿og feen fuccef·

f.-,iy io differenl direélions, takes

at every nep a DeIV

figure.

garden on aBal Dught

be highlyaod . ariouOy or,

nameored, io order

occupy the mind, aod preveor iu

regreuiog lhe inGpidilY of an uniform plao. Artihcial

mouots in tbis vieIV are commoo: bUl

perloo has

thought of ao artificial walk e1evated high aboye the

plaio. Such a walk is airy, and teods ro el..,le the

miod : it eXlends aod varies lhe profpcél: and it makes

lhe plain, feen from aheighl, appear more agreeable.

Hirheno a garden has been lreated as a \l'ork iotended

folely for

pleaf~re;

or, io other words, (or giving im,

preffions of IOtrlnGc beauty. What comes neXl io order

is the beauty of agardeo denined for ufe, terOled

" Ialiw

~'ou,,;

fee

BEAUTY :

aod t1lis branch fhall be difpatched

a feIV woró. lo gardeniog, luckily, relati\'e beauty

need oever naod in oppoGtion tOinlrinGc beauty: all the

grouod that caD be requiGte for ufe, .makcs but a fmall

proponion of an ornamepted field;

a~J

n¡ay be pUl ioa–

ny corner withoul obnruéling rhe diCpoGtioo of the capital

parts. At the fame rime, a kitchen·garden, Or an orchard,

is fufceptible of. iinriofic beauty; aod may be fo anfully

difpofed among the other parls, as by variety and

CCOtr,¡~

tOcootribute tO the beauty of the whole..

Whether Ihoul¿ a ruio

in lhe Gothic or Greciao

form? In the forn:<r

becanCe it exhibits the lriumph of

time o'er nrength, a melaocholy but nOl uople.fant

lhought: a Grecian ruin fuggens rathcr the lriumph of

barbarity over tane. a gloomy aod difcouragiog thouglll.

Fountains are feldoOl ;n

good tane. Statu.s of a.i·

nnls vomitiog water, which prevail every where, nand

condc1l1llcd. A natue of

whale fpoutiog

W~let

upward

Gardeoiog being iQ Chjna brought to grealer pedec.

lioo than io any other koowo couotry, we fhall lake

flight ,iew of Chioefe· gardens, which will be fouod

eOlirely obCequious

lhe priociples that govern any ooe

of the 6ne amo lo general, it is ao indifpeofibJe Jaw

lhere, never to deviHe from oature; but in order lQ

produce lhat degree of variely which is pleaGng, every

method is uCcd tliat is conGneol wüh nature. Nalure is

firiélly imitaled io the baoks of their artihcial Iakes aod

rivers

which fometimes are bare and gravelly, Cometimes

covered wirh wood quite to tbe briok of the water. To

Bat Cpots adoroed witb flowers aod fhrubs are oppofed

others I!eep aod rocky. We fee meadows cO"cred with

cattle; rice grounds lhat run ioro Jakes; groves into

which enrer navig.ble crecks and rivulm: theCe gene.

rally conduél

fome iotereniog objeél, a magoificeot

building, terraces CUl in amouoraio, a

cafca~e,

a grotto,

an wificial rock. or Cuch I'ke. Their artificia l rivers

are geoerally ferpentine; fometimes narrow, noify, and

rapid; [ometimes deep, broad, and flolV: aod

make

the Ccene nill more a.9ive, milis aoo othcr moviog ma·

chines are oflen ereéled. lo lhe lakcs are ioterfperfcd

iflaods; fome barren, Currounded witil rocks and fhoals ;

Olhers ioriched \Vith every thing that art and oature can

(uroinl. Eveo io lheir cafcades they avoid regubri,y,

as (orcmg nature out of its courCe: the Wale, s are fren

burlling (rom lhe caveros and windings of the atlificiaJ

rocks, here ao impe¡uous c. taraél, there m.lOy lelfer

falls: aoo the IIream ofwtimFeded

trces aod flooes,

lhat feem brougbt down by the

violer.ee

of the current.

StraiAhl Iioes ale COOlerimes indulged , io order to take

lhe advantagc of

f~me

.intercning objeél at

din.nce, by

dire8ing opcniogs upon it.

SenGble of rhe iofluence o( contran. the Chioefe arlin,

deal in fuddeo lrar,Gtipos. and in oppofillg tO eaeh other,

forros, colours, aod fhadcs. Tbe eye is eonduélet!

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