1000000030

is ma,(,: ro

eorr.e

quire rhroueh rhe pillar, rh¡r ir may

be rurned b)' anorher h.ndle "'irhour rhe u'hed, if rhe

0r~mor chuf~s.

Tho fr¡lIle, boing fcrelOcd ro rhe r¡blc,

mal' be placed ne.rer ro, or farrher from, rhe whecl,

as rhe Icngrh of rhe firing requires in

ditr~renr

IJares of

rhe we.lrher. The W

HEFL

is fixed in a frame by ir–

fdf

by which ir Oloy h¡l'e 3ny firuarion wirh refpea

ro Ihe pulley, ¡nd be rurned ro one fide, fo as ro prevenl

Ihe firirr. from euning ilfelf.

The RURsER

(f)

coofins of. hollow rim of copper.

filleJ \Vilh horfe·hair, aod comed wilh a b.zil-n,in.

fUp~OHCd

by a fockcl. \Vhich rmives Ihe cylindric.1

. xis, of a rouod .od nar piece of bahd \Vood

rhe

bppofire pan of whieh is iofemd ioro rhe (ockel of

b,nt fieel.(pring

The(e pws afe ejfily (eparared ;

(o rh.1 Ihe rubber, or pieee of \Vood Ihal (erves 10in–

(ul.re

ir, mal' he chaoged .1pleafure. The fpriog may

be eitlltr fi,pped "Ioog rhe groo"e, or moved io lhe coo–

Irary dircf.lloo, fo as 10 give il every dcfirable POfilioo

wilh re(pef.l to rhe globe.

is hefide, furnifhed \Vilh a

ferew;, which makes il prcfs harJer or lighrtr 00 the

globe, as rhe o:,erator chufes.

The r RrM ECONDUCTOR

(A)

is a hollo\V velJ'e! of po–

lifhed copper io lhe form of apear, fuppqrted by a pillar

~nd

a fi,m

h~fis

of baked wood; aod it receives rhe e–

le/lrical mmer by means of a loog arched \Vire or rod of

very foft brafs

eafily bent ioto 30y filape, aod raifed

higher úr lower as lhe globe requires.

i, rerminated

by an open riog, io whieh are huog fome filarp·poiored

wires

/11,

playiog lightly 00 Ihe glcbe wheo it is io

m~·

lion The body of rhe conduCtor is fu rnifhed wirh holes

aod foekers (or rhe infenion of metallie rods tO eoovey

Ihe fi,e \Vhere·ever il is wanted.

Vlhen pofilive elef.lrieiry is required, a \Vire or ehaio,

as reprefeOled io the piare

(n),

ebonelh the rllbber

Wilh rhe table or rhe floor. Wheo negalive def.lrieilY

js \Vanred, lhat lI'ire is eonoef.led wilh anolher

eondu~tor, (ueh as that repreféOled, in {¡g. l.

1 ;

where lhe

conduélor in fig.

is eoonef.led "irh the rabie hy

anolher wire or ehain.

Ihe ruhber be made roltr–

ahly free from p010IS, Ihe oegalive power will be as

IIroog as rhe pofilive.

The maehine, reprefcntcd Piare

LXXV.

fig. l. ",as

• eonrrivanee of Dr

Alfon\ to u·hir! fOU f large globcs

;\1 •

tinle, and unile rhe power of rlremaH. The con·

ltru/lion is fo fimple, rhJI we need nOI giVé any p. nieu–

¡"

dcfeription o( ir • .fpeciaJly afler hal'iog

(ully de·

féribed Ihal of Dr PI ieJlly.

/,'.fi1;0: o"J negnl;v,

EUi,;c;!)',

olld

Ih,

L,) dm P!J;"I.

\VA

nON and Dr Franklin fi ra fuggcfieJ rhe 00-

rion o(

10/1110'

aod

nf~ol;Vf,

~/u/

ao,1

"';/11/1

dellri–

cny: feveral expuimcnrs Icd Ihem ro concJullc, lilA! e–

very body in n.lluré, and partleu!.lrl)' ,,11 conJlil1inr. bo·

dies, pon,Jfcd a eerta,"

~uaolll)'

of ."él,ie m.ller, and

th.H dlls

o¡ltural

(I U;lIHity

mi~ht

augUlt'nted or

Itími~

nilh, ,1hy

Il( io~

pJ.lc

,:d 10 pmreubr <'Íl e"mnanees Wlt,n

a bo¿y

"'ce;,",

•

!.IIg« 'Iu.muy Ih, n tI:c II:,rur.d 01lT', it

r."r1 10 he dd l"r.,,1

r lt/l,

pIith',lj

;

wh~o

rile O.ltU·

,,1 ql"olirj' is c!iIllIOiillt'J, il is

("J

tr.

he c1dlriúttllli;-

VOL.

11.

46.

477

mil.

lI~ea!;Vt(r. Th~

follo\ling experimeot, \Viii

fhelV Ihe dltrcrent cireumllanccs requifite to produce thefc

two kiods of elt/lriciry.

perfoo lIanJing on wax, ancl ruhoing the luhe,

and anolher perfon ou

IVa<

drawu,g rhe 6re, Ihey \ViII

bOlh appear ro be e1,élrified by a perfoo fianding

Ihe

floor; lhal js, he will pereeive a (park on approacbiog

eaeh of Ihem wirh his knuckle.

llut. if rhe perfons on wax toueh one another du–

ring the exeiling of Ihe tube, neitller of Ihem will ap–

pea< 10 be elef.lrrfied.

;. If Ihey toueh one anotber afler exeiring the tube,

and drawing lhe fi,e as be(ore, rhere will be a IIronger

fpark belween Ihem, than happeos betweeo either of

rhem aod rhe perfon on the floor.

4. Afler fuch tlroog fpark, oeilher of them difcorer

any elef.lriciry.

Thefe appearanccs are explained in rhe following man–

oer : rhe c1ef.lrical fil< i, f"profell 10 be

eommoo cie–

rnen!, of whieh eaeh of rhe rhree pelroos above· mention–

ed has hi, equal fhm, before any operationis besun \Virh

the tube.

who fi aods on wax and rub, Ihe tube,

colkf.ls

Ihe e1e/lrical fi,e fromhimfelf inlo Ihe glafs; and

his eomm"njcarion",ilh aJl eonv.uf.lors beiog curoff by Ihe

wax. hi, body is nOI again immedimly (upplied. B, who

lIaods likewj(e on wax, paffing his knuekle along near

Ihe ulbe, receives the fi,e which was coJle/led by the

glafs from

and his commuoieation \Virh conduaors,

or the

eommon

fioek

e1éf.lrieal maner, beiog likewife

cut off, he reta:r.,

t~e

addiriQnal quaotilY reeeived. To

C, IJanding on Ihe

fiOM,

bOlh appear to be elef.lrified:

for he haring only Ihe middle quanrity.o( elearical fire,

recei"es a fpark upon appr03ehiog B who has ao over

quanrity, but gires one ro

who has an under quar.tiIY·.

and B approaeh

toueh e3eh other, the fpark i,

tlronger, heeau fe rhe difiaoee berIVixt Ihem is sreater :

a(ler fueh roueh, Ihere i, no fpark between eilhet of them

and

beeaufe the elCl'l rieal fi,e in aJl is reduced to the

original equaliry. If they toueh while

el~/l ri()'in~,

the

cqualily is

ncm

defiroyed, the fi re only eirculaliog.

Henee IVe fay, R is e!e/lrified

P'¡;I;0(9',

n~gal;v'(I' ;

or <alher B is elearified

plur,

111;11111:

and io expe·

limenring, il is eoOlOlOO 10

clc~1rify

bodies

pllll

m;lIu/

at pb(ure. To ele/lrify

plu/

m;nul,

il is (uflicient

koow, Ihar Ihe p,m of rhe tube or (ph re Ihal are

ruhberl, do, in Ihe inflanl of rhe (riaion, atlraf.l Ihe

e–

I,/lrieal úre, and Iherefore l. ke il from Ihe Ihing rub–

bin~ :

rhe fa me pms immedl,rely. as Ihe fri3ion upon

Ihem cc.les, are di(pofed 10

~Ive

Ihe fire Ihey hal'e re–

eeived 10 aoy body rh:u has

I.fs.

Thus )ou may cireu–

"le ir or aWlmul¡le

illll'~O.

or (lIbOra/l il f, om any ho–

dy, as

)'011

eonne.~

rh' l buJy wilh Ihc rubha. or rllc

"'eeiver, Ihe commUnieJlion io Ihe eO!llmon Iiock being

elllotr.

The greal Pln,'k (ro", whar is c, Jlcd Ihe

L FI'IlE H

PH"L, WAS

fidl dlfeMered hy Mr C"n"",, a

n.li,

·e of

Le)'den: hUI \\" never fo rI,,'rollr.hly unrlcrllood lilJ Dr

Franklio rllltllnlcd his t'perinl<'nls witll reg.lr.l lo il.

J.lf,

phi.rI

¡.tr.

fi lled, li ll"irllio <n inrll of Ihe rnr.

wilh \I·" "r, br.r1s dull . (,,' otila

11111'

¡" .odu,qing )'IIhll.,n–

m , WJ' firllu:id

hlll

C".II"I~ Ih~

Id!" wi.h I:n IJil,

5 U