1000000030

A N

in the

Mcdit~rr.lnean

fea, between 22° and 27 °

long. anJ betlVcrn

and

36° N.

lat.

'¡'here is no ril'er of any confes", nce in Ihe 1I'I1OIe

iO'IIlI, II'hieh is wateml by a multitude of ,i nrle" ;

whet<of Lcthe is (lne. I¡"re tIlO is nllittol IJ,t, fo

IUII.:h cdebrated in the \\'rillogz of the ,"cieots.

C.'NO ' A, ur

~l l1l'1u",

tlle copita l of the abol'"

iOanJ , lituated on ilSnUllhern coan, io

25°

10"6'

.od

35°

30' N.

1.11 .

C_~NDlD.\TE,

a perfoll \Vho afpires

fomc public

o~ice.

•

lo th:' Romao commonwealth, they were obligcd

tO\\'ear a ",hite boll'n, during the two years of thtir

luliciting (or a place. T his garment, .ccording to

J'lutat.:h, tht

l,'Ure lI'itl'llllt ally other eloaths, that

the pe0l'le might not f"li,ea tbey conce.let! money for

p"r~haling

viltes ; alld alfo , that they migh¡ the more

eJf:ly

i1w'"

to the peopk, the f.:ars of thofc lI'ollnJs

they had

rcc~ived

ill li¡;lllillg for the dáence of the

commonll'c>lrh.

C.~ND!I)ATI ~r l LlTEs, O?n

order o( foldiers, among

the Romans, \\'ho len'cJ as the emperol's body–

gllards, to d(fend him in bar tle. They I\'ere the tal–

Idl and Ilron¡;dl of the II'hole troops, and mol1 pro–

pa to infpire terror. They wCre called

cQlldidali,

b,eaufe doalhed in II'hite, eilher rhat they might be

Dlore

wnfl'icoúus, or becaufe they were confidered in

tbe W,ty of prefe!'men!.

CANDISH, a provincc o( the hither India, bounded by

ChilOr and 1I1alva, on the nonh; by Orixa, on the

eal!; b)' Decan, on the fouth ; .nd

Guzulat, on

the II'd!:

is fubjdl lOthe ]lIegul.

C.~;\DLE,

a lillail taper o( tallow, wax, or fperroa–

ceti; ¡he ",iek of \\'hich is commoo!yof fel'eral threads

of eOllon, fpun and lwined together.

A tallow-candle, la be good, roun be hal( Iheeps,

;IOd

hal~

bullocks tallow; (or hogs tallow makes the

candle gutter, and always gil'es an offenfil'e fmell ,

with a thiek black linoke. The wick ought tObe pure,

Culliciendy dry, and properly twilled; utherwife the

eandle will emll , n ullconllant l'ibralOry fiame, which

is both prejudlcial to the tyes, and infulncient (or the

ilillinél illu'lIination of objeéls.

There are lWO fons of tallow-eandles; the one dip.

ped, ti,e o,her mouldl'd: The (ormer are the com–

mon cand!ts ; the others are the inl'cmion of the ficu r

Brege at Paris.

I\S

the mOlhod o( making candles, in general ;

Aftlr the tallow has becn weighed, and mixed in the

due proport ions, it is cut into I'ery fm all pieces, that

it mdy melr the fooner ; for the talloll' in lumps,

comts from the bUlchers, l'Iou!d he in dangt'r o( born–

ing or lurning

~Iack,

ir it were left lOO long ovcr the

fire. Ileillg perle(ily meltcJ and Otimmed, they pour

a eenain qu,IOlit)' of water i,HO it, proponiunable tO

the GUrtntity 01' tallolV. T his ferv.s tO precipitate,

t" the bOllom

the l'eOel, tI,e impurities uf the tal-

10\1',

hieh ma)' have efeaped the l!timmcr. No wa–

ttr, howel'er, mdl be th rown ioto the tallow dc–

fi~ned

fur the lhree fi'(l dips ; becaufe the lI'ick, being

{bU

'ltlile dry,

\':o~~

:mb:be lhe 1I'1::r, \thi h 1111I:e5

' 9

A N

(hecandles erackle in burning, anJ renders themoíbad

l:fe. The tallo\l', thus

m~lted,

is poured i))1O a tub ,

through a coarfe fiel'c o( horfe-hair, tO puriry it ftill

n,ore, auJ mal' be "red after hal'in

Hood

ti"

ce hou t'.

Jt will cont illue fit for ufc tll'cory·(our hecrs in (um–

llIer, anO f,fleen in \Vinter.

The \\icks are made offpun colton, which the tal·

low-chandlers buy in fi,ains, and which they wind up

imo bOlloms or c1ues. Whence they are cut OUt,

\Vilh an innrtlment contrived on purpole, into pieces

of the length of the caodle required ; thcn put On thc

Hicks or broaehes, or e1fe I'laccd in the motllds, as

lhe eandles are intended

bc either dipped or mould·

ed. Wax-canJlcs are made of a

COltUO

or f1axtn

wick, Diglnl y tl'lilled, and covercd lVith white or yd-

101V

\Vax. Of thefe, there are feveral kinds ; fome of

a conical figure, ufed

illumine chtlrches, ,,"d in pro–

ccfiions, funeral cl!remonics,

i:c;.

See

1 'APEK .

Others of a c)'lindrical form, ufcJ on ordinary oc-

cafions.

The (¡rl! are ei ther made Wilh a lad le or the hand .

To make wax candles with lhe ladle.

The wicks being prepared, a dozen of them are

tied by the neck, at equ.d dlllances, round an iron

eirele, fufpended diretl ly ol'er a Llrge bafon of copper

tinned, antl (ull u( melted lI'ax : A Iarge ladle full of

tilis wax is poured gendy on the tops

the wicks one

,,(ter another, alld this operation contillued till the

e.ndle ,mil'e at ilS ddl ined bignefs ; with this precau·

tion, that thc three firll ladlcs be poured on at the

101'

of the wick, the (ounh at the I:cight o(

the fif,h

at " and the fixth at

in order to gire the candle

its p)radimal formo T heu the candles ' le takendown,

kept warm, and rolled and fmoothed upon a walnut–

Iree table, \Vith a long fquare inlhument o( box,

fmooth at tbe bonom.

lhe manner of making wax-eandles by the

hand , they

b~gi n

fo ften rhe lI'ax, b)' working it fe–

veral times in hot water, colltained in a narru\V,

bUl

deep caldl on. A piece of the wax is then Ia!;en OUt,

antl difpofed by litde and liulc, around the wiek,

which is hung on a hook in the \Vall, by thc extremity

oppolit< tO¡he neck; fo that the)' begin ",ith the bi"

tllJ, diminilhing flill as they dei'cend towards the

neck~

IrJ

other

refp~é\s,

the method is nearly the fame as in

the furme r cafe. l-Iol\'cl'cr, it mull be obf"rred, that

in the (ormer cafe, water is :tlwa)'s ufed to moillen

¡he fel'eral inllruments, to prel'enr the wax f, om lIiek.

ing ; and ill the latter, oil u( olil'es, or lard,

(0('

the

hands,

6c.

The cy!indrical IV,lx-cantlles are eit ha

maJe, as the (ormer, IVith a LIdie, or drawn. \V ax–

candles drall'n, are fo called, becaufe aélually drat\'n

in the manner of I\'irc, by means 01'

¡\Vo

Idrge rollers

01'

wooJ, turned by a handle, which turning back–

IVarJs and (orwards fel'er,¡J times, pafs the wick

tltr<.ugh Olclted wax conlained in a brafs bafon, and

the f:lllle time through the holes 01' an inn mment

Ilke that ufed for dralVing wire (::lIeneJ at one liJe of

the bafon.

M.kers o( candles are nOl tO ufe melting-houfcs,

\\'itho~t clu~

eOlry t!:crcof at lhe ex 'ifc-o!lice,

pain