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Ouiec K~re Olllt, and thc Ouiee G opened, in order to XliI. This canal makes a communication hetwix t !lle
fill the lo.:k, till the wmr in lite loek, ano conCequcntly Loire antl the Scine by the river Loing. It eXlend,
Ihe rcllel, be upon a level \Vith Ihe w.llcr in Ihe Cu- e1el'en Freneh greal leagues fl"omBriale 10 ~I onlargis.
perior c.lnal D; as is repreCeolcd io fig. J. The gale It eOlers Ihe Loile a liltle above Ilriare, alld lerminales
A is Iheo OP(OCU, aod Ihe ~1 palb illlo Ihe ca- in Ihe Loing al Cepoi. Therc are fClII)'.IIVo10lks on Ihis
0,1 D. cao~1.
Agaio, lel il be requircd 10make a vefi'eldcCceod from The canal of Orlcans, for OIakiog anolher cooununi·
Ihe eaoal D, iOlo Ihe inferior caoalll . 11' Ihe Joek i, calinn bCl\Veeo Ihe Scine aod Ihe I.oir., was beguo in
emp' • as in fig. 2. Ihe gale eand OuieeK mull be 01111, J675, aod finilbcu by Philip of Orleaos, regenl oC
and Ihe upper fluice G oremo, Co Ihal Ihe waler in France, dl1tin~ Ihe minorilY 01' L~wis XV . and is fuI'–
the I"ck may riCe 10 a level wilh Ihe water in Ihe niOled wilh Iwenly locks. Ir goel by Ihe na meof .Ihe
"pper eaoal O. Titen open Ihe gale A, and let Ihe caoal of Orleaos ; bUI it beg!os al Ihe village of Com–
ven~1 pafs IhrGugh iOlo Ihe lock. Shul Ihe gale A aod bleux. which is a Cmall Frel,ch kague from Ihe lown of
Ihe nuiee G : Ihen opeo Ihe nuice K, lill Ihe waler in Orleaos.
Ihe loek be on a leve: with Ihe W~ler io Ihe ioferior ca- BUI Ihe grealen and mon uCdu l work of Ihis kind is
nal; Ihen Ihe gale C is opened, and Ihe vcOl l panes along Ihe junélion 01' Ihe ocean wilh Ihe Medilerranean by Ihe
iOlo Ihe can.1i B, as was required. caoal of Laoguedoc. lt was propol'cd in Ihe reign,
lt is alOlon need leCs 10 Ipend lime io eoumeming Ihe of Francis 1. Heory IV. aod \Vas undenaken aod
maoyadnnlages \Vhich nceelfarily rerull from artificial finilbed under Lewis XIV. lt begins \Vilh a I~rft
navigalions. Thcir ulilily is no\V fo ~pp.llcnl, II101I refervoir qOOO paces io cireumference, aod 1q feer
nalions in Europe gil'e Ihe highefl eocouragemenl 10 uo- deep, whieh receives maoy Cpriogs from Ihe mounlain
dwakings of this kiod where-cver Ihey are praélicable. Noire. This canal is aboul 64 kagues in lenglh, ISCup–
The adYanlages of navigable c.loals did nOI eCcape Ihe plitd by a number of ril'ulclS, aod is furnilbed wirh 10 I
ObrmJlilln oc. Ihe aneienls. F'rom Ihe mufl early ae- lo.:h, 01' aboul cight feel rife eaeh. lo lome places il
COUolS 01' fociclY \Ve read of atleOlplS 10 CUI Ihrough panes om bridges 01' van heighl; aod in olhers il CUIS
I.lrge iflhmufes, in order 10 make a eOOlmuoicalioo by Ihrough folid roeks for J000 p .•ces. Al ooe eod il joins
water, eilher belll ixt dilferenl oalinns, (Ir difialll P'IIS 01' Ihe river G,roooe Otar Tholoufe, and Icrmioales al Ihe
Ihe Camc nalion, where laod-carriage \Vas long and ex· ' olher io Ihe lakc Tau, whieh ex¡~nds 10 Ihe POrt of Cwc.
pcofive. Hcrodolus relales, Ihat Ihe Cnidiaos, a people lt was planned by Francis Riqu~1 io Ihe 1666, ar,d fi- /
of Caria in Afia Mioor, d~figoea 10 CUI Ihe IIlhmus ninled before hisdealh, II'hich h1ppeo~d in Ihe 1 6~o.
which joios Ihal Pcninrula 10 Ihe continenl; bUl were lu- In Ihe OUlch, Aunriao, aoo Freneh NnÍlcI ho:h.
perllilioul eoough 10 gil'e up Ihe undertakiog. becauCe Ihere is a very gl'e11 oumb~r of canals; dial CroOl
Ihe)' were inlerdiéled by an or.lcle. Sel'eral Kiogs of 13 t11~es 10 carries I·efrds of 1 °10ns.
Eg)'pt Jllempled lO join Ihe Red. Cea 10 Ihe Medilcna· The Chiocfe have alCo a greal numb:r of elo::!s; l~lt
nean. Cleopatra was exceediogly rnnd of Ihis ?rojetl. which ruos froOl CanIon 10 Ptkio, cXlcnds abol'l ~5
Solilllan 11 . emperor of Ihe Turks , cmployed 50,000 milesin lenglh, aod was execule ablllll Soo ye¡rs ago.
meo in Ih s greal work. This caoal was complealcd uo- JI would be ao eodleCs laJk 10 tlel'cnbe rhe oumberllCj
del' lhe caliphale of Umar, bUI was allolVcd canals in Hollaod, Rulli.l, Germao)', &(. We fh.!1I
10 fJII into difrcpair; ro Ihal il is nolV dillicult 10 dir· thercCole confioeourrclves 10 Ihore tllJI are either almdy
cOI'er ally Iraces of il. BOlh Ihe Greeks and Rom.los ClOinl~d, 01' al prefeol exeeulinz in onr oll'n c(lIln:ry.
iOleoded 10 make R eaoal moCs Ihe Inltmus of Coriolh, As Ihe promoling of commme IS IheI'riocipllimention
which join! Ihe ~Iorea aud Achaia, in orJcr lo.make a of makiog canah, il is n.llural 10 expett Ih.1I Iheir Cre–
navis.ble p~lr.lgC by Ihe loniao Cea inlo Ihe i\rchipclago. qucocy io any oalion ntoulo bear Come proponion 10 Ih
Dcmclril:s, Julius C:rrlt, aligula, and ero, m~de Irade cmied on in il, proli ioe Ihe 'ilnalioo 01' Ih~
fevml uofuecefsful elforlS 10 opcn lhis pafr.lgc. BUI, coulllry lVill admil of II1<m. The prefent !lale 01' Eog–
as Ihe ao icolS w~re ltltircly igooraol of Ihe ufe uf "'.- laod and eotland eon6rms Ihis obbva Ion. Though
ter·locks, Iheir ",hllle attention was emplnyed io OIakiog Ihc Romans made aeaoal bellVeeo Ihe t)'oe, a liltle be–
level CUIS, whieh is probably Ihe principal reJfoo w!ly 101V Pmrhorotl¡;h, aod Ihe Wilham, :hree miles bclow
Ihey fo oflco fJiled io Iheir allempls Ch,rlemagoe form- Liocolo, whl h15 uo'" almon eOlircl)' filled up, )'el il il
erl a dcfign of joinins Ih. Rhine and Ihe Daoube, io 01'- nOI long fioce caoals werc reli"ed io Englaod. Theyare
,Ier 10 make a comnluoicalion belween Ihe uccao aod Ihe now however bccoOlc I'ery nUOlcrous, particnlarly io Ihe
lack·f.", hya canal frolll Ihe mer Almllll II'hich tIif- eounlics of York. Lineolo, and Chclbire. Moll
chnrges ilf.·lf iOln Ihe O,muhe, 10 Ihe RedilL, \Vhich of li,e cnutllies b.llI'ixl Ihe moulh of Ihe Thamcs and
I.lls iOlO Ihe ~I ¡ioe, ¡od thls bl! fJlIs iOtn Ihe Rhine Ihe RriHol chanoel ale conne,'lld logclher whcr hy
ocar hylO':C: For Ihi, pnrpore he ernployed a prodi. rlllural 01' miliclóll navisalioo,; IhoCe nrnDl!te Thanles
r.iou$ nUOluer 01' workmen; bUI he Olel II'llh 1'0 )' ob· ¡nd Ifis reachin~ vilhio aholl Iwenrymiles of Ihore uron
JI¡c\es from dllfereol quarters, Ihal he \Vas oblrged 10 Ihe. e ero. T"e d"ke 01' RI IIJgewalt r'se.mal,oChdhlre
c"e ul' Ihe allempl ruos Iweoly.Ceveo miles on ;¡ perrdl 1(.e1 : bUI al Barton
The Frlnch al pref,'ol ha,'e many fioe nn,I,: Tha il 1< carried by a very lugh aquedu.'1 bridge fCt Ihe Ir·
of IInare \Vas begun und, r Heory I . aod finilhed under well, a navigablc river; lo Ihal il i, common for vefTch
the dirc(\ion of mdinal Rlchdieu in Ihe rci~n of Le",i, 10 be JI Ihe lame lime bOlb under and ahore Ihe
OL . 11. uOIb. 30. 3 t E bridge.