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(afions, ruch as lhe king's coronali"n. Thc confiable
of france had his pcrron privlkged, aOlI, during lhe
king's minorilY, was named nCXl lOtI,e prinCls oC lhe
blood. The arOly obeyed him neXl thc kin~: he ma·
n'ged alllhat belongeq tOwar, cith~r IOr puniO,ment
ofdelinquenls, difil ioulion of OOOly, (IIrrcmb or pla.
m, Oc. The (lion and fUIl(lions of oRiee
are nulV in lhe I""rerchals of franee.
The fun::ion of the conl!.tb!e of England eonfificJ
in the eareof lhe common peaee of the land, in Jeeds
of .lrms and'mallers of war. I:ly a 1,,1' of Richard 11.
the eonllable uf England has lhe determination of
thillJs coneernin~ IV,lrs and blazonry of arms, whieh
(dnnOl oe diCeuffed by lhe COOlmon law, The 'fidl
DO,lnJole was C1eat.:d by the Conqueror: lhe OIliCé
continued hercditary lill thc tllirteemh of Henry VIlI.
when it w.s laie! afiJe, as being Co pOlVerful as tO be·
come trouolerome to lhe king. We have airo con·
fiables Jenominaled frum particular plaees, asconfiable
of lheTower, of DOI'!r cafile, of Windror ealUe, of
lhe cafile of Cae:narvon, and manv olher of lhe ca·
files of Wales, whore ollico is lh: f.1m; Wilh lhat of
lhe cafiellani, or gOl'ernors of canles.
CONSTABLE 01 Swland. Se. SCOl s LAW, tille, 01
inferior ¡u¿geJ.
CO NSTADLES /0 j 'ljliw of /h, p,ne., in Seols law,
are the proper ollieers for exeeuling their orde".
They have powm to rupprcfs tumults, and tO ap'
prehend delinqucnts and thore who can gil'c no good
accounl of themrclves, and carry them 10 the next ju.
fiice.
CONSTANCE, acity of S\Vabia, in Germany, fituated
on the wefieln Ihoreof a lO II'hich il gi\'es name,
in9° 12' E.lon. and 47° 37' N. lat.
h is lhe ree 01' a oj~op, who is a pr ince of lhe Ger·
man empire
CONSTANTINA, the capital of a provinee of lhe
rame name, in the kingdom of Algicrs, in Afriea:
E.lung. 7°, anJ N. IJI. 35' 30'.
CONSTANTlNOPLE, lite metropolis of lhe Turkilh
empire, cal!ed by dIe Turks th~mfelves Slomboul, and
by many Europeans the Port, being one of lhe bel~
haroours in Europe: E.long. 29° 15', and N.lat.
41° 30'.
h is built on lhe ",efiero OlOreof lhe Borphon13, ilt
the form of a lriangle; lhe reraglio, or palaee, oc·
eupying lhat angle whieh runs out bwveen Ihe PI'O'
pontis and harbour; and undernealh the palace are lhe
~ardens, whieh extend to lhe water· lidc.
CONSTELLATI ON, inaOronomy. St(,Vol. T. p. 486.
CONSTIPATION, in medicine, a hardncr, of(he belly,
widl greal eoOi_encrs.
CONSTITUENT PART, in phyfiology, an elfenlial
pan in the compor,lion of any lhing. differing lillle
from Whal is olherwire CAII('~ clemenl or principie.
CONSTITUTIO 1, in nmlcrs of polie¡, fignilics lhe
form uf goveromcnt ellabliOled in :lny c"u,ltry or king·
dool.
CONIT IT UTlON alCo denotes an ordinanee, deéifion,
regulali~n, or la..." maue by authorilYof ';,IYCuperior,
ecclefiaftic.J or ClVd.
e o N
Aptj10lical Co NSTI TUl ION s, a c~lIeélion of regulalion;
attriLutce! lO the 2poflles, and ruppored to have b(eo
colleéled by St Clemenl, whore name they I;kewi(e
bear.
It is the general opinion, Itowever, that they are
rpurious, alld th~t St Clement had no hand in them.
They al'pea red firll in th: ¡Vth age, but hal'e betn
much ch.!Oged and eorrllpted fince that time. They
are di,'idcd into eighl books, confifiing of a greal nUI1l'
ber of rults and precep¡s, relatin~ 10 lhe dUlies of
, and partieularly lhe eeremonies and dir·
eipline of lhe church. Mr Whifion, in Oppofilion to
the general opinion, affem them lO be a pan of th"
rmeJ writings, diélated by lhe apomes in lhcir meel·
ings, and wrote d~wn from lheir own moulh by Sr
Clrmenl, and intended as a Cupplement lO the New
TeOament, or rather:s a fyfiemof Chrifiianfailh and
poli.y. Tite rearon IVhy the Confiitutions .re ruCpeél.
cu by lhe onhodox, and, perhaps, lhe rearon airo
why lheir genuineners is derendeJ by Mr WhiOon, is,
that they rcem tO f.vou r Arianirm.
CONsTr Tul'roN, in a phyfi C31 renre, fignifi es the parti.
cular temperalure of ¡he body.
CO;o.¡STIUCTOR, an appellalion gi\'en to revoral mu–
rcies on account of lheir confiringing or clofing Come
of tll<orilic.::s of lhe body. See A'HOMY.
CONSTRUCTION of tqua/ionJ, in Algebra. See
AL GEBRA.
Co N5T RUCTl oN, in grammar, the eonneéling the IVords
of a fentence according tOlhe rules of the language.
CONSUALlA, in RomanamiquilY, a fefiival inl!tluled
by Romulu~, ",ho, at lhe time of lhe rape of lhe S~.
hine virtins, found an altar under ground dedicated lO
the god Conrus, lltat is, Neptune. They were intro.
duced with a magnificent cavaleade; and duriog the
cclcbmion, lhe horCes and alfes were crowneu Wilh
flo lVers, alld a mllle was Caerifieed lO that godo
CONSU IlSTANTII\TlON, a lenet of tite LUlhmR
chorch Il'ilh regard to lhe manner of the change
n"Je in the bre,e! and wine in the euehtilL
T he divines of lhat profet1ion that after
conrecralion, the body and blood of our Saviour ar"
[ob~anlially preCenl, together Wilh . lhe CubOanee of
the. bread ~nd wine, whieh,is called conrubllanlialion,
or IIl1panauon.
CONSUL, lhe chief magifirate of the Roman common.
we:,!th. They IVere tWo in nllmber, chofen el'rry
year in lhe( .llIpUS ~hrtius, by lhe peopleaffembleJ in
lhe comilia cenluriata. In lhe fidl times of lhe como
mon\Ve. hh, no maneould pretend lOtbis dlgnily, bllt
rueh as were 01' a patrician ramily; blll "flerlVards Ih"
people oblaine,l, lhal one of the conruls IhoulJ b~
choCcn from alllOng th~m. A conrul \Vas commonly
choren at fOrly.tllTec years of age, bUl lhis was nOl
alw,IY' obr,rved: bdides, il rcquilitc he flloulJ
h3l'c <xercired olhcr olliccs, as lhat oCqll:l!lIor, xdile
a01I pr:clor: nnd yet lhis condilion IV,S no hettcr ob:
[, rved lhan lh~ lir(l; for Pomp'y had oc!'« becn pr:t–
lor 1111r '1 113Oor IVllen he obt.lined lhe coorulil,ip
Thlir alllhorily and power was of \'crv great eXI' "I:.
fo long aS lbe conlluunweahh fubfin,d . They \Ver"
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