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be io powder wheo Olakeo, it is a fign the operationhath

focc<cded : bot if it be In a edke, and dOlh not fall into

powder on Ihaking the nl3tras, it Olews that yoor maner

was not lililiciently roaned and dncd in the iron pan do–

riog the prepardtory opemioo."

Mr Lemeri hath Ihe "0, that exerement is not the only

maner eapable of prodociog this phofphoros widl .Iom;

bot lhAt, on the contrary, almon all .

.nim.tI

and evcn ve·

getable matters are fit for this combination; that ,hoogh

Mr Homberg .mixed'alom in equal q\1amities only with

the fecal malter, it may be uCed in a much greater pro·

portion, aod, in eertain caCes, will Coeceed the bener ;

that, aecording to the nature of the Cobllaoces to be

worked 00, the qoaotity of that fah may be more or leCs

iocreared; 30d that whatever is added, more thao the

dofe requifite for eaeh mallcr, ferves ool y tOlell'en the

'~rtoe

of the phofphoros, or eveo dellroys it eotirelf;

that the degree of 6re applicd mull be diffm ot aeeoroiog

to the oature of thole

m.llen;

and, lalUy, tlm falts

cootainingexaétly the

r.me

aeid with thal uf alum. or

the acio of IhoCefalts Ceparated from its bafis aod redoced

into fpiri t, 00 not anfw« in the preCent opmtion : which

Ihe..s, Cays !IIr Lemeri, that many folpbureous mallers

ruay be fub(lituted fur exerement in this operation : but

that there are no .falts, or very few, if any, that will

fuceeed in the place of alum,

This phorphoru, made either by Mr Homberg's or

by Mr Lemeri's method, Ihines both by d..y and by

nigh!. , Befides emining light. it takes fi,e foon after it

is c.pofed tOthe air, and kindles all combu(llble maners

with which it comes in contJét; aod this

witho~t

beiog

rubbed Or heated.

Mell'. Homberg and Lemeri have gi,'en the mo(l pro–

bable aod the mol! nalural txplanation of the caufe of

the accenfion and other phenomena of thi. phofphorus.

What they Cay amoonts in Ihort tO what follows,

Alum is koown tO be a oeutral ralt, confi(liog of the

, itriolic acid and a calcareous earth. Wbeo this Calt is

ealcinea wlth the fecal maner, or other Cubllanees a–

bounding io oil, thevolatile principies of theCe fub(l.nces,

fueh as Iheir phlegm, lheir falts, aod their oils, exhale

in the rame manner

if they were di(lill.d; aoJ there

is notlllng left io the

matra~,

wheo thofe principies are

diffipmd, but a ch.rred maller, I,ke that which is fouod

iD retons whereio fuch mixts have beeo decompoCed by

difhll.,tion.

IlIs remainder lherefore is oothing but a mixture of

~Ium

and charcoal. Now, as lhe actd of thi! [.llt , which

is lhe , itriolic,

h.th

a greater allioitywith the phlogifloo

than Wilh aoy other Cubllaoce, it will quit its bafis to

11011' with lh. phlogi(lon of the coal, and be converted

by dldt ooio" iOlO a fulphor. And t},is is the very caCe,

of • .'hich we have certato proofs in the operAlioo for pre–

par:ng thts phorphorus; for wheo, . ft<r lhe volatile

prlociples

the "ily mmer are drawo off, the lire is

increafed, in order tO combioe clofely together the he.!

pum .h. t remain io the matras. th.t is. the alum and

Ihe ch.rred m.tler, we peree"c at the mou.h 01' the ma–

tras a Cm..

blue fulphureous Oame, and a pungenl finell

of burnlOg Culphur.

ay, when the operalioD is .Joilh·

177

eJ, we find a real Culphur llicking in the oeck of the ma–

tras; anJ, while the phofphorus is burning, it hatl\.

plainlya IIrong Colphureous (mell.

is therefore cer–

.aio, that this phoCphorus cootaios an aélu. 1 fulphur ;

that is, a maller difpofed to take fi,e with the grcatefl

caCe.

But though fulphur be very inHammable, it never

takcs fire of ilfel r, without beiog either io contaét with

fome maller that is aétually ignited, or

elCe

being expoCcd

to a confiderable degree

heat. Let us fee then what

may be the cauCe of its acceofion, wheo it is a coo(litueot

pan of tbis phorphorus.

We meotiooen joll OOIV, that the acid of the .Iom quil,

its bafis, in order tO forma Colphur by combioiog witb

the phlogi(lon of the coal. This bafis we koow to be ao

eanh cap. ble of beiog converted ioto lime

aod that it

is aétually cooverted into quiek.lime by the calcinalioq

neecll'ary tO produce the phoCphorus. We koow that

oew made lime hath the property of uniting Wilh water

readily, that it thereby cootraéts a very great degree

of heat. Now wheo this phofpho rus, which is partly

con(lituted of the bafis of the alum eooverted ioto quiek–

lime, is expored to the air, the lime inllantly amaéts

the moinore of which the air is always full, aod by this

meaos, probably, grows

hot as to lire the Culphor

with which it is mixed. Perhaps alfo the acid of the

alom is not totally chaoged into Culphur: Come

p~rt

thereof may be only half.diCengaged from its bafil, aod

io that condition be eapable of attraéting (lrongly the hu–

midity of the air, of growing vcry hot likewife by im–

bibing the moi(lure, and (o of contribotiog to the aecen–

fion of the phofphorus.

Thm is alfo rOom

think that all the phlogi(lon of

the charred maner is not employed in the pronuétion of

fulphur io this phoCporos, but that rome pan

it rc–

mains iD the (lale of a true eoal. The blaek colour of

the unkiodled phofphorus, aod the red (parkles it emit.

\Vhile boroing, (ullicieotly prove this.

HU/l/an

U,ine

Rnalyfod.

PUT Come human urioe i010 a glar, alembie; Cet it io

a w. ter bath, and di(lil till there remaio ooly about a

fortielh part of what you pUt in ; or elCe evaporate the

urioe in a pan fet in the

balmum lIIa,i"

till it be reduced

tOthe fame quanti.y. With lhis heat nothing will ex–

hale but an iofipid phlegm, fmelling however like urioe.

T he refiduum

w~I,

as the evaporition advances, become

of a d31 ker ' nd darker rulfet, aod at la(l acquire ao

aI–

mo(l black eoloor. Mingle this refid oum \Vitb tbriee il!

weight of raod, aod diflil it io a retort fet io a reverbe–

miog furoace, wi:h the uCual precautioos. At fir(llhere

\ViII come over a little more iofipid phlegm like the for–

mero When lhe matter is almol! dry, a volatile Cpirit

\ViII rife. Aftet tltis (pirit, white vapours will appear on

increafing the lire ; a yellow oily liquor will «ume off,

trickliog down io veios ; aod togcther Wilb this liquor a

concrele volatile falt, whieh will (liek to the fides of the

receiv, r. At la(l there will come over a deep·eoloored

f<tid oil. In the retOrt lhere will remain a fali oe eanhy

rtfiduum, whicb being lixivialed will yidd fome fea–

falt.