1000000030

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or rM" , made fo as ro colletl the vapours, and pro·

du~e

(wwiog: \Vhence it fignities a hor houfe, bagnio,

llove,

or fweatinó-room.

CALEFACTION, Ihe proclu,qioo of heat in • body

fromrhe aflion of fire, or rhar impu l(c impreOcd by a

hot body upon

o,~~r

borlies about ir. This \Vord is

u(ed In pl",macy , by

w~y

of diHinélion froln coflion,

\Vhicn implic! bodiog ; whereas c,lcf,,(Iioo i. only heM'

io?, " rhiog.

CALENBURG·CASTLE, rhe capiral of a duchy of

rhe Úme .0.lme, io Lower Saxooy, io Germaoy, fi·

tuated upoo rhe river Leinc, ah?ur fifreeo miles fourh

01'

Haoover: E. loog.

9°

40"

aod N. lat.

51'

~o'.

CALENDAR, a diHriburion of time, aeeommodated

ro rhe various u(es_of life, bur more efpeeially (ueh as

reg"d civil aod eeeleliaflical poliry. See ASTRONO–

"V,

Of rhe divijion of tillle.

Julian Chrijlian

CALB DAR. See ASTRONO"Y,

tie diviJion

lillle.

Greg.,ian

CALENDAR. See ASTRONOMY,

Ihe

di–

vtfion o(

¡me.

CALENDER, amaehioe u(ed io maouf,tlories, to pre(,

cenaio woulleo and filken Hulrs, aod lioeos,

make

them (moorh,

ere~,

aod glolfy, or tn give Ihemwaves,

warer rhem, as may he feeo in mohairs aod tabbies.

This inflrument is eompo(ed of r\Vo thick eylinders,

or rollers, of very hard aod poiilhed wood, rouod

whieh the fluffs ro be ealeodered are wouod: the(e

rollers are plaeed ero(s-ways berweeo rIVo very rhick

board

the lower ferviog as a

<ed bafe, and rhe up–

per moveable, by means of a rhick ferew, wirh a rope

¡,flened to a fpiodle, whieh make, ilS axis: rhe up·

permo!1 board is loaded ",irh large flooes weighing

20000

tIi.

or more.

is this weight rhat gives the

polilh aod makes the waves

the fluffs abour rhe

rollm, by meaos of a (hallow inden!ure or engraviog

cut in

it .

C/lLENOS, io

Ro:n~o ~miquiry,

rhe fi rfl

d~y

of eaeh

momh, fa

e~lled

from the Greek

[kalein

pro–

cl~im:

ir beiog euflomarl',

rhore days, ro proclairn

the numher of holy·dal's io

e~eh

.month.

The Roman merhod of reekoning the da)'s of rheir

monrhs has fOlnerhing exrremell' fingular io it: io·

fle~d

of eomputing for ward., in the

natur~1

order of

me numbers /,

&e.

rhey reekooed baekwards,

in the maoner exprelfed in the followiog verfes :

Prima día mmjiJ el/jl/fqur

eJI

tli{la

ealendre :

Ser

Mail/f,

ooo"s,

J I/lirl!, O{lobef,

Mar¡;

.~.?alllor

al "Iiqui : habel

idus

quili/¡er o{lo ;

¡nde din reliquof omnu die

rffi

ealeodas ;

~aJ

rtlro Tlumera1JJ,

dic(!

lIlet1(

r~qIPnl!.

Heoee to fiod !he day of our momh aoC;veriog

thal

of rhe e.leods, to rhe oumber of (bys io rhe preeeding

mOOlh add two, aoel from ¡his fum fubtrafling rhe

number of

c~lends

-iveo, rhe remainder will be rhe

rlay

Our momh: :iIUS rhe founh of the eal.nds uf

June is fouod

~ofwer

lhe rwenry-oiorh uf

M~.y

;

~od

(o in orher caCes.

CALENDULA, or MAR vcoLn, inbotany, ageousof

the fyogeotfia pol ygamia oceefraria clafs. The re–

el·praele is

o~kcd;

ir h;ls no parpus; rhe calix eoo–

VOL. 11 . NUOlb.

30.

A L

fills of Olaoy equal kaves ; rhe fteJ, of the dilk 3re

mcmbranaeeo"s. Tilere are eiglll fpeeies, none of

rhemnativcs of Europe. The tlOWt" of rhe den–

d"la olficio,lis, or garden oJarygold, are faid ro be

apericnr

~nd

aueou.lring, as allo eordiae, alexipl",,–

mic,

~nd

fudorific. Thoy are PI il <Ipally cdebrattd

in urerine obflruttions, and for rhrowlng our Ihe lillall

pox.

CALF, io zoology, the youog of rile ox·kiod. See

Hos.

Amoog (ponfmeo, rhe

t.rm

calf is u(ed for

~ h~r!

or hiod of rhe fidl year: rhe fame lerJll is

,110

u(ed

for rhe yOllng of rhe whale.

Sea

CALF. See PHOCA .

CUF's /nout,

in botany. See ANT IRRfIlSUM.

CALI ACA, a rolVo of

Bulgari~,

firumd uroo tbe

Blaek-fea , beloogiog

the Turks.

CALIBER, or CALtPER, properly deootes the diame–

ter of aoy body: thu. IVe (,y, rwo eolumos of the

fame ealiber, rhe caliber of rhe bore of a gun, lhe ea–

liber of a bullet,

&e.

CAL, sER-rolllpa.!!ú, rhe name of

ioflrumeot, made

eirher of wood, iroo, fleel, or braf!: that ufed for

meafurillg bullm conGfls uf

111'0

b"oehes, beoding io–

wards, IVirh a roogue fixed ro one of rhem, and lhe

orher graduared in (uch a mallner, rhar if rhe bullet be

eoruprelred by the eods of rhe rIVo branches, and rh,

roogue

~pplied

ro rhe graduated br.!Och, it will nI.

1'1

the weight of rhe buller.

CAL I

alfo fignifies an ioOrumeot ured by

c~rpenrer!,

joioers,

~nd

briekl,yers,

fee whether rlteir work be

IVell (quared.

CALICUT,

rolVo firualcd on the Malabar coafl, io

the hither peoiH(ula

Iodia, fubjetl

irs own

r rioce: E.long.

75°,

aod N.lat.

11 0

10' .

This was rhe firll pon rhe í'onugue!e made io [o–

dia, after failiog round rhe

C~pe

01'

Good Hope.

CALIDUCT, in

~nriquity,

a kind

pipes, or canals,

difpefed aloog the walls of houres aod apanmenrs,

u(ed, by the aoeieots, for eOOl'eyiog hw ro feveral

remote partS of rhe houfe, fromone commoo furnace.

CALI ~'ORN[A.

See CALLI FO RNIA .

CALIMUS. See CALL"'US.

CALIN, a compouod metal, "'hereof the Chioefe maxe

rea-c~niOers,

and rhe like. The ingredieors feem to

be lead aod rio.

CALlPH, rhe fupreme eeclefiallieal digniry

~mong

the

Saracens ; or,

it is Grherwi(e Jehned, a (ol'ereign

digoiry aOlong rhe ¡V[ahometans, \'e!led wirh

~bfolu:e

aurhoriry in all

m~tters rd~ring

borh lO religioo JoJ

poliey.

Ir fi goifies io the

Ar,,~ic,

fileeelfor Or I'iear: the

Sar~een

prioees alfutlled lhis ritle as dcleendants nom

Mahomer; rhe ealiphs bearing rhe fame relarion ro

Mahomet, thar rhe popes pretend rhe)' do ro Jrfus

Chrifl or Sr Perer.

is ar this day olle of rhe gran.!

lir.nior's rirles, as (ucceOi" of Mahomer; and of rhe

fophi of Pedia. .. fueeelfor of Ali.

CAl.IPPIC PERIOD, an improvemenr otrhe eyele of

J\lclnn, of ni,Jerel'o

ye~,s,

which C"liprus, a famous

Greeiao aflltlnoOler, finding io reality

eoorain nine-

leen