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of phlogirtOn \\hieh eoo/lillltes it /lee!, ntl thereby re·
dll~e it to irno. For this purpof~ it nw l ollly be kcpt
red.hot for ("me time, obCen'iog Ihat nO maller a~·
proaeh it all the while that is capable oC r~fundlng to It
the phlogi/lon whieh the fir~ earntS ?lf.. (ame
eod is /lill Conner obtained by eemenung It t mea·
gre hungry matters, eap~ble of a~(orbing the phlo·
gillon; flleh as bones ealcloed to whlleoefs, and erela·
ceaus eartbs.
Tht Calcinafion o¡ /ron. SUlltf,y S'¡¡I'OIIJ of 111al'l.
T HE filing9 of iron, what quantity you pleafe i put
theminto a broad unglaz~d eanhen v.elfe!, (et uod~r ~he
muIRe oC a eupdlin~ Curoaee: make It r<d·hot ; /ltr the
fih ogs frequeotly; and keep?p the fame degree of fire
till the iron be wholly turoed totO a red powl~er.
Iroo eafily lofes it9 phlogilloo ~~ I h~ a~lon of .
The calx that remains after its ealctoauon IS eKee
red, whieh roakes this be thought the natural eolour of
the ~arth of lhat mm!. !t accordingly been ob·
[erved, that all the earths ~nd flanes , whle~ eitller are
naturally red, or aequire that eolour by e:llclnaUOn, are
fmuginou!. .
T he yellowi/h red eolo."r whieh every ealx of tron
hath, in whatever manoer It be prepared, halh pro.eured
the name of cr"c., , or faffron, tO e.ery prepa.rauon ~f
this kind. That made in th. manner aboye tltreHed IS
calleli in medicine crOCl1I ma n.~,n,.
The run produeed on the of iron, is a fon of
calx of iron made bythe way din·oluti~n. The moi·
flure of the air aas upon the metal.. dllfol~es It, a~d
robs it of fome of its phlogilloo. Thl\ rult I~ e~lIed In
medicine crocu' IIIarfi, ap"i,",; beeauCe 11
that the Caline pam, by me~n9 whereof the
dilfolve, the iron, remaio united with the met
óilfolmion, arid giv~ it an .peritive vinue. The aro'
thee.,ies p«pare litIS Con of Ca!fron of mm by expo,'"g
iron filing' tOthe dew till they be tttrned entirely to rurl ;
whi. h is then ea!led ." of ,.." by dMJI.
Anothcr C.!fron ar! is alfo preparerl in a mueh
/horter otanner, by mixing filings oC iroo :vith p~llveri(ecl
fulphur, .nd moifiening th~ Olixll."., wltleh alter Come
time fermenlS and grows hoto It 's then Cet on the fi re;
the Culpltur bu ro. away, and the m.,fs is k~pt nirring till
it ! e a red mauer. This (a/fron is nothing but iron
dill by the aeid of Culph"r, whieh is known to he
oC me nature \Vith that of vitri"l; ar,d ennrequently
this /~lfrun of mm is no way dilfcrent from villiol cal·
eined tO reJnt('.
/ron diffilv,d bJ fht ,.ineral Add,.
PU'r any miner.1 aei,1wh.lever inlo a Olatros wilh
Come water' Cet the matr., on a rand·hatb gentil' heat·
ed; drupi;to the . eO'c1 fome hlings of i~on :. t!le ~hc.
o","ena \Vhieh uf"ally aeeompany met,llt"e dlll""llItlOns
"'111 i,nmediwly appear. Add ~ore fili~gs, till )'011 ob·
Cerve the acid halh lo/l all reollble ad l~n UFU" the", :
then n move your matras Crom th · (anJ· balh; )'OU\ViII
find iD it a folution oC iroll.
s T R Y.
Of TI N.
'fotx fraf/ 'fin jmn ifJ Orr,
BREAK your tio ore ioto a eoarfe powder, and by
wafiting eMefully, feparate from it all the heterogeneou,
matters and ores of a di/ferent kind that ouy be mixed
thmwith . Theo dry it, aod roaft it io a /lrong degree
of fire, till nomore arCenieal vapollr rife fromit. \Vheo
the ore is roa/led, reduce it to a fioe powder, and reix
it thoroughly witb t\Viee its weight of the bl.ekflux wel!
dricd, a founh pan of its weight of clean iron 6ling',
togelher with as mueh borax and piteh : pUt the mixture
into a erucible; over all put Cea·falt to the thiekoeCs of
fou, fingers, and eover the erueible cloCe.
Set the ertleible thus prepared io a melting furnaee :
apply at fir/l a moderate and Oow degree of 6re, till the
flame of the piteh, whieh will efea¡te through the joint of
the eover, diCappear entirely. Theo Cuddenly raire yOU[
fire, and urge it with rapidity to the degree oeeelfary for
melting the whole mixture. As Coon as the whole is iD
fu fioo, take the erueible out of the furnaee, aod Ceparate
the regulus from the Ceoria.
AII tio ores eootaio a eooGderable quantity of arfenie,
and 00 fulphur at aU, or at moll very liulc. Henee,
though tin be the lighte/l of all metals, jts ore i, nevero
theleCs mueh he.vier than aoy other ; arCenie being mueh
heavier than Culphur, of whieh !he ore, of e.ery othet
kind always éontain a pretty large propoqion. This ore
is moreover very hard, and is oot brought to a fioe pow·
der with Co mueh eare as the re/l.
Th& propettics of tin ore furni/h u, with the meanl
of feparating. it eafily by lotioo, 00; ooly from earthy
and /looy pam, but eveo from the other ores \Vhieh may
be mixed \Vilh il. And thi, is of the gre.ter ad••ntage
on t\Vo aceounts, "iz. beeauCe tio eannot endure, with ·
out the de/lrullioo of a great pan thereoC, the degree oe
6re oeeelfary 10 Ccorify the refraaory matters whieh ac·
eompaoy it. ore; and again, beeauCe this metal unite, Co
eafily with iron and eopper, the ores of \VRieh are pretly
co,"mnnly blended wi!h tin ore, that after the reduainn
it would be found adulte,ated with a mixture of tlteCe
tWO mmls, if they IVere not feparated from it before the
fu fion.
lnlo an unvarni/hed mtheo dint put the quaotity of
tin yOl! iotend to calcine; mclt it, and keep Oifling it
froOl time 10 tinle. !ts Curfaee \ViII be eovered wi h a
grcyinl wltite powJer : Continue the ealcination till ,11
)'lIur tin be eoltverted into fueh a powder, whieh is the
cal" _¡ ,in .
'fh, dijo:ufi." o¡ 'fin ~J Acid,.
Put ioto a glar. velfc! wltat qllanti~ you pleafe of
fine tin cut inlO li{[le bit.. Pour on it thriee as mueh
aq/ln "i;'. eompounded of two pms _qlla¡ orfÍ¡ \Veal:·
witlt an egll.d qllantitl' of "ery ,,"re 't'. la, aod one
Cpilit of fal!. i\n ebullitioo will ariC~, and the lin
he veryrapirllyJllfo"'ed; eCpeeiall yif Ihe qllantilies
of metal od (lf "1U" " gÍl be ecr.lid~••blc.