1000000031

T O U

'rorIC.l\L

lIrI:.O I

cnn..!i, are the

Came

w;th

c~ternal

ones,

or thore 'rplied outw"dly to rOnle Ji:..rcd , orl p.ioful

part : fuch

,H!

pl~fh:rs.

cOllapl .. rm<¡ , ur.gut nts ,

6,',

T OPOGRAPHY, • ¿ereription or drau3ht orfom: p,,,i–

culu place. or fmall tr",ck

¡Ilnd; as th;¡t of a

cily

[own , nu nor or tcncment,

field,

flHd~n,

houfc.

call1e,

or tlle

like ; fuch

a furveyors

rel

oUt in Ihcir

plors.

nldL:~ drótu~hlS

01', for

th~

inforoution anJ

fali\(;¡tti",n

, he proprie:ors.

TORBAY, • fioe bay in th e Englifh eh.nnel. • little

e.ll

of O¡¡nl11cuth .

T ORCELLA, • ?ort towo o( Ca..lonia, io Spaio, r.ttI. ·

red

the.mourh of the

~i\ICr

T t:r, in E . long.

2°

so',

~od

N . lat.

4'°.

T ORCH, a luminary u(ed ln.

rt!v~ral

churC'h·::crerllonies,

fllnerals ,

&c.

2nd more

U fill

cftll~d

Aamheal1 .

TO RCH ' TH1 S1-L6,

oOlany.

See

CACTC S.

TORDYLJUM. il1 bo'any, a geous o( tite p,"taodria d:_

gyoi. cI. rs. The " dii of the corolla are .11 hermaphro–

ci tes; the fruit is roundifh , with a

crcn:\led euge;

2nú

l he

involucro¡

are

long .

and ulldivided .

Th~re

are fe ren

(pecitS , oo1y twa of thcm niltives of

nritain,

viz.

Ihe

I"ifolinm, o, purple .flowered

greot

ballard p"Oey; .nd

.he nodorum, o, knotted parOey.

TORUS', in architeélere, • large round' mould:ng, ured io

. he bares o( eoluolO'.

TORrES, in the hillory ofEnglaod,

~. faaion

or party, op–

pofed to .he whigs. Se< WHtG S.

The tori.,

gre.,·flieklcrs (or the prcrogativc of the

c;rown

as 'the whigs are

ror

the liberties and privileges

of the people : though, io truth, the priccipb of the

moder>te people o( both panie. 00 oot gr..tly ddrer .

TORMENTILLA, in bonoy, a gene. of the icor, ndri.

polygyoia c/.rs . The calix eoo(ills of eigh t (egmeots.

.od the corolla of fou, pet3ls; the ("ds are roundifh,

n. ked, a.d fixed to a (m. 1I dry receptac/e. T here are

twa fpedes, both

Dative9

of Britain,

viz.

lhe ere(ta, or

tormentil; and the reptan" ar

cree ring

tormentil.

Tormentil·root has éln auHere 1I )'ptic [aHe,

accompa~

niec1

wi:h

aromadc Bavour :

ir is one of

the maH

agrec:.

í!.hle and effic;acious \'C'getable aftringents.

T ORNADO, • (u4deo an'd ..hemeot gull of ,.iod from .11

poiots of the eompar. , froquent

0 0

the co.H of Guinea.

TORNE, the capital of T oroe L .pmark, • proviDee

Sweden, Gruattd:u the mouth o( the river T orne, at the

bottoOl of the Bothnie gulph , upon a little iG.lnd m. oe by

the river, (our

hundreu

miles nonh of $tOckholm: E.

I, og.

45 1 , N

I.L

65° 45'.

T ORPEDO, in ich,hyoldgy. See RA JA.

TORQYE , io her.ldry, deno'e, • rou od roll of cloth,

' lYificJ .od Ilu/f.d: ruch is tho

b.od.ge

, fr<qu,ntly

f«.

in armories, about (he hcads of moors,

6 c.

T ORREf." CTION, io chemiflry . iSthe mall iog orreo<ch–

íngof ;¡

body by

lhe

6fe,

in orJer to d¡(charge a partei–

tha unnecdr ..

ry or hurtru!

anothcr oper:won;

fu i·

phur i. th'os dtr.harged from '0 ore, before the metal can

obtai:'led ro adva nlage.

TORREN1', denotes. «mporary Orcam of w1ter, f.lling

flltidcnly

(fO?1

mount"ins. ",hereDo

dten:

h¡¡ve bren grC:ftt

rain~.

or ;¡n c:xiraordinuy dJaw of fnow.

T ú Jt :UCI':LLli\N 'X'HtMEN 'r, • f.mou. e<p"im, ot

".•de by

Toric~lIi,

a di(eiple of the great Galileo, w','eu

has

lJ~er.

dlrea¿y

cAFIJined

in thE' Tt<¡uill.'

f)f

P ¡HUMA.:

TIC"

P' 185 '

T O R.RING·t'ON , a m>rket-ro\l'n of n "nnnl;" , f;ttt¿ t<c

fin the river 1 'owbrictge, (wc:nty

f,¡.,¡ ·mdcl

1l0([!1 ' W~n

0'–

EXC'lcr .

T ORTorSE . in 7.0010gy. Se< T e n u Do .

TORTURE, a grit vou. paio infiLc1, J

Otl :\

_:imin,l. or

pC'l·ron

"ccnfcrf,

tI)

mak~

him

CO'"l'tf~

lhr.:

tn.:th.

T OTNESS, •

horough.to

"n of D<vonfhire, IIveoty. ",,<o

miles

fou th·

wd l

E"'tttr.

felld,

(Wo

rr.:;m~:;r. t~

p~rliament.

T OUCAN, in ichthyology. Se< RA"""As re •.

T OUC AN, io ,lIror.omy, P. 43 7.

T OUCH-NHO LB, .mong.Oay<rs , refin:rs,6c liuleh".

gold,

filve r,

and

capper, combined together

in al! the

riiffcrenl praportions anri degrets of

mixturt:;

tbe u!e

ot"

which is

difcover the degree of purity of any piece of

r,old or fil ver, .

compartng the m.\rk

lenes on che

touch f100e with tho(e of the bars.

The nletal. u(u.lly tricd by the tOllch·llone.

are

golJ ,

Glver,

ano

copper, either pure, or mixed

Wilh

one ano·

lh":r

in difF.:ren:. degrecs :\nd proponions, by fulion.

1.1

arder to

fir.u

out th.c

purily

or quantity of bafer metal io

thef: various admixturts,

wheo {he

are

examined

they are

com?u~d

wlth th,re nel!dle:;" which are mixed

in a know:1 pro¡>ortion, and prep:ued fo'r thu ufe. T he

metals of thefe

needl~~,

both pure and

lIIixcd,

are all

Ol"de into

laminz

plates,

one twelfth ofan ¡neh brbad,

anJ of

fCtllrth

put

the:r

bre"dlh

io thick ners. ;lod ;In

ineh .od hal f loog.; the(e bein&.thu. prep"ed, you are to

eograve on each a OIark

indic:uing

its

purity, or

oaturc

and

qu"otity

of lhe

admixrure

in ¡t,

The black rough marblts, the ba(, hes, or the fo(ter

kinds of

bl.ck

pebbles, are the moll

pro~er

(o,

(ouch–

(lones.

Now. the method of

ur.og

the oeedle. and Oooe is thi. ,

the pieee of metal to be tried,

o~ght

fi rfi tO be wiped

weJl with a c1eao towel, or piece o( Co(t leather, th:u yau

l11ay

lhe

better Cee

its true colour ; for (rom this alone

an experienced perCon will , in fome' degree, judge before–

hand what the principal metal ¡sr aod ho\V

and

with Wh:H

deb.red .

Then ch.ure aconvenient,

nOI

over large. pHt of lhe fur–

face of

the

metal, anJ rub

rever

tImes

1J~ry

har!!ly

and f1roogly ' gaioll the toueh-f1ooe, thal io cafe a de–

ceitrul

eoat

eru!l

(hould haVe beco

hid

upon

¡t, it

may

\Vorn

offby

lbat

fridion:

tll:s,

hllwever,

rc.l.·

dily dooe by a grind·(tooe, or ro..

fil, . T heo wipe

Hi t

and very clean pan or

lhe

touch.ftone. and rub

;1 -

gaioH

it, over and over, the juH

m~ndoned

pí\rt of the

furfaee or the

r íece

mel"I,

till you

luve.

the

fl.4t

furfclce of

lhe

none, a

[hin

mctalli" eruCt, "" il"lch long,

anu

about ao ei&hth of

¡nch b.:oad: Ibis done-, look

out lhe n("edle that

f~(ms

mon

jlke

ro [be metal undcr

trial, \Vip! lhe 10\Ver p:1rt of tp is needlc , ery clean, anel

then ruh ir againfl the!

louch-tlont,

as you

rlirl

rhe

mt[~ I ,

[he lide of

(he

other line and in a

dir~thon

p.-tralJeI

It.

\\~hen

thi5 is done, if

y iHI

fi r.d no ddfercncc belwecn

lile

CtllOU r5 of the

[ WO m .1I

k",

m~ch:

)'OM

needl~

í\:ld

the metal under trial.

)'OU

tn:ty

wlth grear ptob.bilu y

pronounce ch.u

meul

:\nd you r nee,llc tO be of the

fam~

"lIoy, which

imn¡~di¿tcly

knawn

lhe OIark engrall!J

•