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SWALLO'V, in orJli,hology. SCd·¡'RUNDO.
:)WA LLOW -WOR T, in botany. S~e i\SCLEPIAS .
S"T:\N . in ornll !lology. ;>« ANAS.
SWEAT, a fonlibl< modlu« iflillng OU, of ,ne pore, of ,he
¡l'ns or ími '" See P ERSP I RAT I OH.
SViE D i!:N. one of,he 01011 nO"herly king¿om, ofEurope,
bounded by Norwegian Lapland on ,he north, by RuIG.
on ,he can, by Ihe Bahie fea on ,he fou,h , aod by N or·
W;¡y on the." wdl; being upwards of eight hundred miles
(rom north tO fOU lh, aDd tlve hondrco from can te weft.
S'VEEl'. in lhe fea-Ia nguage, is that pan or the mauId of
a nup, where lhe bcgins lO compafs in at lhe rúng:heads :
al(->, when the hawfer is dragged along lhe bouom of lhe
fea, 10 recovcr any (bing (hit is fuokJ chey call this ac.
tinn (wecp:ng for ir.
SV'¡EE r, in lhe wine-trade, denotes any vegetable juice,
whc: ther oblained by mea ns of fuga.r, raifios, or other
(oreign or dumtfhc fruit, which is added to wines, with
a deligo 10 improve thtm.
SWER IN, a town of lowe r Saxony, in Germany, capital
.of ,he duchy of M<cklenbur~, and fi.uated on .he lake of
S'.uerin: in E . long. 1 1° 30 . and N. lae. 54°
S\;YERTIA, iD , a genu. of Ihe penr.ndria digynia
c1a(s. The coralla IS rOI;ucd, anp (htre are neélanferoús
pores al (he bJfcs of lhe differeot laciniz of lhe corolla j
•he c:\prule h;,¡s o'ne ceJl, and [\YO valves. Thcre are
five fpecie" ooly oee of (hem. vjz. the perennis, or
marn\ gemian, a aui,e of Briloain.
SWIMM ING. ,he .rt or.a of fuflaining ,he body in w.–
ter, Olnd of mo,íng therein; in wh.ich aétion lbe air·blad·
der and fio, of 6fhes be... eonfider>ble p.r!.
TJ10Ugh a grcat deal depeods on ,he mo,ion of ,he
murcies of lh~ ftveral parts of che body, in lhe (wimming
of (h\! 61h ; yet lhe taiJ, and thofe murcies which move
the lower pan of die body to which it IS affixed. are
lhe great inllrumenU by which (heír {\VICt motloos in the
water' are performed. The moving lhe dlil, and Ihat
part of ,he body 'o whieh i, adhere., baekward and foro
ward, or rideways aay one W¡y, throws lhe whole body
of lhe fifh Ilrongly lhe contrary way; and even in (wiro·
ming fireighl forward, the motion and direltion are both
greatly affilted by ,he vibratioe, of ,bis , as nlay be
cxperienced in Ihe motion of a boat, which, when im–
pelled forward, may be firmly guided by ",ean, of ,n oar
held out al iu fiern, and moved iD the wattr as occaCion
dirtas. The dorf.1 mufcle" and ,hofe of Ihe lower pan
of the: body bel\Vcen the anus and tail, are: lhe priocipal
that are ufed in lhe motion of this pan, aDd (heCe are
,herefore Ih. mol! ufeful ' o ,he 6fh in f",imming. The
mufcles of Ihe belly feem 'o have Iheir principal ufe io
,he contra,'ling ,he belly and ,he air·bladder. They have
becn fuppofed of ufe 'o move ,be belly·fin,; bu, ,here
are ' 00 of Ihem for fu ch a purpofe, .nd ,hefe 60.
have eaeh i" peculiar mufcle fully fuffieien' 'o ,he bur.nef~.
The uCc of lhe lail in fwimruiog is eatily feen, by cutting
il off. and committiDg lhe 6fh to lhe: water WilhoUI it,
in whieh caCe il is ;t man helpleCs creHure.
B y ,he hdp of ,he ..il ,hey alfo 'uro aboul, by flri·
king llrongly with il on Dne fide, and keeping ir beDt, fo
as (O atl: Itke lhe rudder of a Olip. T hc 60S, cfpecially
rhe pelloral ones, {er,e lO keep lhe finl upright, as al(o 10
:úeend and clcfccnd .
Bru,e, flvim Daturally ¡ bUI mee attaio ,his art by prae-
lice and iodu!!ry. It coofill. prineipally in flrikiog al'er–
nateJy Wilh Ihe h;mds ano (.::e(; which, I;ke 0"'''5, I~.v a
perfon forward: he mul! keep hi, bociy • li..le obhqu.,
that he OI;ty lhe more ea[¡iy ere~t his hc:.d, acd kc:ep his
l110uth above water.
SWI NE, in 20010gy. Seo S us.
SWINGLING . ,he be..iog 01 nax or hea,? Seo FtA>t:.
SWITZ, lhe c¡¡pual of one of lhe: caotops uf Swilzed.lOd,
to whiclJ it givcs n:il Ole, tituated on che lide oC {he
Jake Lucero, fix(cen miles (omh·caH ot the CiIY oí Lu.
cern : E . ·Iong. 8° 30', and N. lal. 47°.
SWITZERL AND. or SWlSSEOLAN D, ealJedHel , e,ia by
tl1e Romaos, is 'urrounded by the (errllarles 01 Germany,
France, and Ilaly, being about [\YO hundred and fixteen
miles long, and upwards of one hundrcd miles broad .
S'VORD, anofftnfive -wcapoD, worn al lhe liJe, and rer ..
ving eíther to cut or nab: í(s pans are lhe h:todle, guud,
anJ blade ; 'o whieh may be adcled Ihe bow, fcabbard,
pUnlmd , &(.
SWORO- FlSH . See XIPH(AS .
', in bOlany. Sce AeER .
SYCOPHANT. an appellalion gifeo by Ihe ,"cieol A,he-
Olaas tO thofe who mformed of (he exponalíon of 6&s,
cnntrary to lawj and hence it is {bll ufed in g:11eral foc
01.11 ¡n"formers, parafites, flatleren, ch~oats, (:;(.
SYLLABLE, io graOlrndr, a P¡Ut of ¿ word, conGrting of
one: or morc leuers, pronouDced togcthcr.
SYL L !\ BUS, in m, "e" of li,eralure, deoo'e. a u ble of
conteo", or ao index of the chief heads of a. book or dir ..
COU I fe
SYLLOGISM, in logie, an argumeo, or lerm of rearon–
ing, confiHing of ,hree propofilions¡ the U,'Olira of which
are caBcd premilfe., aod Ihe lafl Ihe eooclufioo . See Lo–
Cle, p 99 "
SYMBOL, a fign or reprereeu,ion of fome,hillg moral, by
the figures or ?ropc.nie3 of oatun! things.
Heoee fymbols are of 'various kiads, as hieroglyphics,
typcs, xnigmJs, parables; f",blts, 6(. .
Among Chrifliao., ,he 'erm fym~ol deno,e, ,he Apo–
Illes creed.
SYMMETRY, ,he ju!! proportion óf ,he re,er; 1 P'''' of
&oy thiag. fo as tOcompofe a beautifuJwhole.
SYMPAl HETIC, fome,hing Iha' aél,. or ¡, aéled on, by
fympathy : lhas \Ve (ay, (ympuheuc d,feafes, inks, pow·
d~rs, 6(.
SYMPATHY, in medicine, deno,e, an iodirpofi,ion befal–
Ilng one part of Ihe body. ,hrough ,he delea or d.forder
of another; whether it be from lhe affiuence of fome hu·
mour, or y,apour (ton¡ from clfewhere; or from Ihe: want
of lhe influenee of (ome maner nccdfary ro its ¡lhon.
SYMPHONY, in mufiek, properly deno'e. a eonfon.nce or
concen o( {eyeral fouads agrecable tO lhe eu, whetbcr
..ocal or inflruOlcnral, called alfo harmony.
SYMPHYSIS, .0 au..omy. Seo A.ATOMY, p. 148.
SYMPHYTUM, in bo,aey, agemi, oflh< peol"
nogynl:il clafs. Th~ Jimbus of the corolla is lubul~ar and
{omc:what \'cntricofc. (he fauces being clofe:d with fub\lla·
u d r..di'- T he:re are (hree fpecies, onl,. one o( them, tI/z.
theofficinalc:, or comfrey, a na(ive oC B,itain. Thc root
of the eom(rey is a 60e mucilage.
SYMPOSIARCH, in antlqui.y, Ibe direaor, or ¡;er
01 ..nentert.unmcnl. This office was {ome(imes pc:rfonu.
cd by lbe perCoDat whofe charge the cntcnaínmenl was
pro\'id~d i