1000000031

705 / 868

S l'vI o
.jrs ru1l , rs \;!lcn ncc:;:{f.try. or clore it to any drgreC:H
ph:,.¡,(urc, wil h lile grcatcH ~;trc "'. Ir is unnecdfary to ;ulJ,
tlu t lhe pl:\tc :\1 1\ lig . 4. might be u nployc:d in lhe f.ulle
Illttnnel , whl!ll it Ihould be fuund C('n\'cment. So much for
",h.n I cI"tC3. lO lhe conil rutlion of Ihe chinllley 11fd f.
,,~~ nQ\V ·procl.!cd l a confider {he fccond 1;cnl ral caufe of
, VI=.
1l. 0 1 rnlOky houres procecd ing froOl 01 o,hor
p~rts ot the building. al together ¡nde pendent of lhe Ilrue ure
oC lhe rhim:lcy ¡del f.
111, Th\! ó. n we {hall mentian is too great clofcnef.5 of
,he l oem. Smoke, as Ihewn aboYe, is impellcd up lhe chim_
.ney by lhe prefrur~ of the air entering <H lhe fi re_place
arctndlng upwards j bUl , ir (rdh air is nOl admltted ioto
l he :l panment in rullid ent qU:Ullldcs tOfuppl y Ihe confump.
tion by Ihe fire, the room wd l be qUlckly exhauHed,
and the "ir in il become as 11ght as the! external ai r ~l Ihe
10p cf ,he chimney. fo ,ha< ,he rmoke will as readol y be
difpcrfed ir" o ,he chamber as ,hrough ,he chimncy. Bu, if
any door or window is opened fo as 10 admil pleot y of free
air, ,he f""oke \ViII be qUlckl y difpelled, and ,he proper cir–
culalion enilblinll~d: lhe fiime effetl will be produ,cd by
making a fmall hole in fome of Ihe lides of lhe room; but
unlefs ,his be dene wi, h fome Judgmen" il m.y frequendy
add tO the d¡reare, as il may concur wilh (ome of the olher
caufes of fmoky houfes, to be afterwards mcntioned. A
bettcr mcthod of rcrncdyirig this evil would be to have a
fmall hole m, de in ,he ., ,he back 01 ,he chimney,
2nd immediately underneath it : or a fma lJ per(oration,
madI! in Ihe wa ll in any othe r convenient manner ; the one
end of which fhould communicate ",ilh Ihe external alr, and
the other communicate with the chamber in any plAce oear
,the grate. aod as lo'Y clown as pofTi ble, through whlch a
conlbn, fupply 01 . ir would be.admlmltered tO ,he rore \Vi,h–
out the fm::.!!e!1 in::onvenience or trouble. If this "'cre
pnétifed. doors and windows might wnh Tafety be made
much c10fcr than M prefcm, and our apartmeols rendc:red
equally W<trm and comfortalJle Wilh a much fmallcr quan·
tit)' of fewel lhan we: ure al prefcot. For as the fi re, in
Ihe prercnt mode of conl1ruéhng chambl rs, is kept a)¡ve by
a conctaol fu cee ffioo of cold air from the doors, windo\Vs,
and other craooies of lhe: room rufhlog towards lhe l himoey
;0 all di reliions, lhe air of the room, which, if n Ol cooh:d by
this means. would be qllickly heclted lO a great degree, is
connantly kep' cold in fpite of ,he nrong heat of a bla'Li ng
lire i which , al lbe fame time thill it feorches lhe paTls of
our body whieh are mon expofed 10 it, does nOl warm the
pans which are turoed from il ; and we experience al lhe:
(ame time a burning heat and piereln~ cold, which is ofl eo
produaive of ,he mon di(agreeable e\f, a s. Bu, if ,he fire
wer\! fu pplied with air in lhe manner abovementioned. there
wOllld be Itfs air clrawo in through the craooies of {he room,
S M O
(o l}¡:U the air \'lithin \Vould b~ foon w:\rmed, ~oJ rontinue:
le'ng fo cvcn wit h a (01",11 dq~ree of h'!at. I lowcver ¡mDro·
p~r ,hls miglH be tor peo!,!..: lO p,:rf,:é't hcalrh, it Olrght lure:·
Iy he of gl c~t \lfc fur tI\O[c w;.o are in a weakly hablt of
body j cfpeci<t ll y if care welc t:lken to CArr yoff,he ( .ul air,
by h:\vi ng i\ í!HAII (ube 1'::II~¡rg fr.. 'm ,he uPF r part of lhe:
room to tht: tOP uf lhe JiUU,C, through '1:"!IILh lhe ai r whieh
had !Jeen rcndeH:cI noxlous h) lhc Cmoke uf c.fncilts or pe r·
{pirall(Jn would be conv~yc:d .n",IY. :,¡nd !1 fucceílion of rr~fh
air adOlitl c:d from the tullc oeA' ¡he fi rc placc lO fu pply th..t
\VdOt. T har the r~adcr m ;I Y mOle: rea¿ily compr.. hend what
is here meanl, we ha\'c rC'prcJcnted in he, 6. él view o( lWO
fmall ,ub<, for ,hi, purpo!c fu ?poled to be h lrl open by ta–
k.n~ away lh~ box,ne or inner C'oating of the waJl w):'ieh
ought lOcover tht:m. TheCc:; ate of woed, and OlUI1 not be
above one ¡neh in di~Oleter, One cnd. g g, gct's quite
through lhe aut er of lhe houfe, anei communicates \!11th
the opt n ai r, hniog a fmilll gr;¡¡e upon it to preven( v<:lnJin
(, om C'ntering, The othc:r end, hh, palT~s behino lhe t WO O ...bs
at the fide 01 Ihe fi re.pldct', and upeo in lhe infide of the
fire .place al i " al which place they h.4ve each uf them a
fmall bi, of brafs fi tt<d 'o ,hem, bei"g c10fed wilh ' \VO ni–
ding doors exaé\l y Ilke lhole that are u'ed 10 covtr lhe end
of teldcopes . by, means of whlch more or lefs air may be
admitted al plealur e:,
,d, A focond c.ufe of fmoko, is ,he' wrong pofitioD oC
dooes aod wlOclows, wilh refrea to the fire-places.
As ,he fmoke is impelled up Ihe chi mney by ,he prelfp re
of the Olir, if lhat air is dnvcn aw;:c y (rom the 6re-place by
any caufe more power(ul thao the Cuétion occafioned by Ihe
fi le, the fmoke muU ..Iro be drawn away with il, and follow
the (ame dlrcétions with that eurrent of air ; fo that what·
ever lends tOdr:a w a current of air from the under part of
lhe chimney, \ViII airo 'Ieod lO produce fmoke io lhe houfe ;
froOl whence it is eafy (O conceil'e: how doors or windows
may OCCol.liOD fmoke when Ihe wind is in certain direétioos.
Thus, luppofe a cha mber, A, B, e, D , fig. 8. having a
door or windo", at E, ano:.her at F, aod a fi re.place al G ;
wheo lhe wlnd is in thl! direétion D A or e B, tAe general
current of air \ViII oecaft o" a COTl of Cuélion at lhe opening
E. fo rhat ,he ,ir \ViII be froOl ,he chimney G tO–
wards E : and if lhe current be (hong. and Ihe opt"ning at
E large, it wiJJ become more powerful than the Cuétion of
the chiOlney, and produce Cmoke in the apartmeot. If the
,Willdow at F (hould be opened in this cafe, il would "ot
meod ule mtl.lter j for any wind which fh onld enter al F,
would be carried Hreight OUt al Ihe opening E, and the cur–
rcot of air would be drawn from lhe chimoey as Chong as
ever, lf the window al E were: Chut, and Ihat al F left
opeo. and lhe wiod Hill continued in the fame diretlloo as
before, Ihe current of air rufhing pan the windo\V \\fould
a leodency tO draw lhe air of the room along Wilh il,
. nd
'* If .,ny one nloud think, thllt thc wirl" d \Vol1ld be: a dir.'gre;¡hle ob,ic:I..C"t in the middte í'f a chimner·pi~ce, it mi~ht
eafily he: hic.l hy a pitll1re of any kind. T hc wire migilt be fixed lO a fm.:lll bral~-handl( movins: frc:dy urm : ami downwarJ lilee
that (ur a hd l¡ onl)' this 'honil! h ;lVC a long nit ill lhe OliddJc of it, wit h ntllchcs un ct\ch liJe', to fl'cch't' a pin pi.lccd in the miJ·
dIe uf lhe nll, by m('1ns o( which tht: wirc he leU¡;lhcrcd ur fhortl'llr(\ at pleafttrc. Thc: whok ",f this a:,r:¡r.:ttu~ i~ re·
prl.'ft'lllc..:t.I :¡t fit;. l6. where (a) rc:pl'd cnls the ,,'irc f,l ficnnl to tht' bl'afs.·plat,'; tb) a p:t'ce ~fbraf.., raiti..',12 1ittk, to li..'r\'e :l~ a
handlc. T hc fl it in the mitlJle is reprcfentcd bv lhe cJark lint'. h;\Vin~ notch('!' cee:H cOIwl'nieot difiallcc:!'t . T he pin d i ... fix,-..d
illto the \\'all, tJtlt td t :H libcrty to lu:-n :\hollt ",il h l':lfe:; :\:1d its he2,¡\ n-10l1s up a ¡iule, fo !1" 10 he l'Olti1r turnrd with thl' fillt:'l'r
aod thumb, Thlo! hnd y uf lhis Il:\il is m3e!t: fo lhin ill one dU l'tlioll, that ",hcn it is tllllled half rouod, it {'.Itih' p:llli..'s throu::h
t!tl' na illlhr pt:\IC; hut in lhe ol h~r t1irc:dion its diamt:ler is grl'alt'f, fl) thal \\'Iu..'n tht' pl is bl\lI1t!ht (~J:lS l O h:lv,' 1111 ...•01 lite
Jl(ltch~s oppofill! lothe nail J anuit ¡ti lh(,11 lurnt;d h;¡lf rounJ, il cat\. hc'i llll' pl.ttc: fu th••\ it eaol1ot be mO\'l'd lin the: is aSlLn
t UI'Ol'J abuul.