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s o e
br;¡ne or Ihe 0')['. occé ~onc:J by :l.crid (uhn:tnccs florui ng
in lhe air, or hy meJicines CJIlt'd dell1\1ltttories.
S:\I:. I'ILIi\[. • "'.Ir'el.lowo of Nurfo!k, l\Veoly·eight
miles nonh .w( H of Norwlck.
SN I¡>¡·:. in ornidlOlogy. Sl.!e T ANTALUS.
SNO\V, a nlt'{eor produced in thls m,tnncr : W hen lhe va–
pJUIS ue bccul11l! confiderably con&:nr~J, ye! "al fa fa r
<!s la be liquij;~d, or ddr()I~c:d Into wtl.ter ; lhen, by a (pe.
ciJ I dcgrce of coiJncfs in Ihe upper region ot the air, the
p:l:,ticles of the condenfeo \'ApOUr are changed ¡nlO ice;
JC\'cr~1 of w!lich adhcring togclher, rOl,m lude lIeecl!s of
:\ white fubU ...ncc, (om Wh ,H hcavicr thao lhe air; and
thcrerore dcfcend in a Oow "od gendt! nlanncr through It;
being fubj ca, by reafon of in lightners, 10 he driven a–
bout by the variol1s mOlinos of the air ;¡od wi nd ; and
is what, when arrived lO lhe fUI Cace of lhe eanh , we call
fnow.
fruél ifies the ground; for innance. hy guarding
the corn or olher veget3bles from the ¡n[eoCer cold of
the air, efpcc,ally lhe cold pierciog winds ,
SNOWDON·H ILL, Ihe highefl mouou in in W . les, fi lu,
l ted in CaernHvonfhire.
SNOW OROP , io bOlaoy. S" GAL ANTHUS.
SNUFF, • powdtr chiefly made of lonaceo, Ihe ufe of
which is loa wcU known [Q need any defcriptioo here.
.sOc\ L ·FISH , io iehlhyology. Se< P LEURO NEC TES.
SOAP, a kiod of palie. fomelimes hard . od dry, and
fOr.1etimes Coft aod liquid. m:Jch ufed in wafhing, wbiten·
ing lineos, and by dyers, fulJers, &c. See CH Elit 1S T R Y,
p. 93, '49, 154,
T he pu rer h" d foap is Ihe ooly ron iOleoded for io–
ternal ufe. This. Iritu raled with ody or' ~efinous mau crs,
renders lht:m foluble in water; and hence bel'omes ;¡n in–
gredient in pills compofed of refios, promotlng lhel r dlf·
rolulioo in lhe fiomach. and union wi th Ihe anlm,d flul ds.
Boerhaave always preferibed foa p io "fioous pd ls uoler.
where an alkalereent or pun id Hate of the jUlcl..s torhad
its ufe. F rom the r..0lt! qualily, f\,ap fee-Ols well fi tled
for dilTol ving, oily or unétuous nntlers and vifeidilles in
the human body; thereby opeolng obll ruEbons. IInd de·
terging all lhe vdfels it pafft s through. 1t is hkewile a
powcrfu l mcn{lruum fo r lhe caJeulus, or Hone in the
hladdcr j a (olutiorl of it in lime water being one of rhe
nrongeH d¡(folnms thlt e can with f" felY be taken into
tbe (tomaeh: lhe vi rtue of this compofition is conlider·
ably greater than lhe aggregate of the dlffolvlog powers
of lh¡; foap ano lime.water wheo unmixed.
SOCAGE, .h aoeicot leoure. by which laod. were held
00 coodllioo of ploughiog Ihe lord', I. nds, , od doing lhe
operalions of hulbandry. at lheir own charges.
SOCCUS , io .miquiI Y. a ktnd of high'fllOe, reochiog a.
bove (he ancle. \Vorn by comedian" as the eoth urnus
was by tr:'lzedians.
SOCIETY , io geoe"l, deooles a number of perroos uoited
logelher fo r thc;r mutual a/finarlce, fecuriey, interel., or
entertainmcilt .
T he ~cial princi pie in man is of fllCh an ex na–
ture, it ColnnOt be confined withín tbe circuil or a
family. of {riends, of a neighbourhood: ir fpreads into
u'lder ryllems, and draws meo ioto larger communitics
antl commonwe;¡hhs ; floee it is in thtre: only, dial the
more fubl ime:: p0v" ers of our natur~ auaio ¡he highe:1l im–
proVCllltnt and pcrfdlion of wlJich lhey are e.pable.
s O e
ROJol SOC ¡F. T>', 'n ac ..ckmy or coilrgc, ( n,bliíl¡cd by
cll:\ rtc.r, by k,ug Ch. llcs [ l. {or proOlJting natural know.
1edge, amI ulclul :1(ts, by expe r,menls.
I t 01 fevcral h~r.drcJ fc:llo\~s, or members,
mo(f! y HIItIOl ; lome rerJufls uf the lllghell rack; and
m.lny eml.lent g~nl km~n anrl learned meo of other natlUDS.
T·ht.:lr mcclIngs ..ue h.:ld unce a week, al their houf..: in
C r,.¡ne-· Cou rt, Fletf {freet, L onJan; wh~re they ¿ilcou rfe
upon the produél,oos and rc\n tJes of nalure and an , and
conlider how {he r.. 01:! O).y oe improveJ IOr lhe good of
mankind: herl.: :Hc alfo rcad letters, anJ other phdofoph¡.
cal papers, [cm by ingenious p~1 fons both al hOOle and
abn).td ; upoo wluch they ddcourfc In the plaioell man.
ner, without "lft:éting ftu·jied fpee:ches.
This fociety, of which his Bnlannie m;¡jel1 y is perpe–
tual patron, is governed by a eouncd of IWenty one mem–
bers ; ten of WhOOl al e \Carly chofen OUI of Ihe rocH~ly,
on St. Andrew''S-day. T he elllef uf Ihe council bears the
title of preliJeot, whofe proper olllce is. 10 . od dif.
folve the mecl ings; to propofe the matl er .o be debaled ;
cal! ror experiments; and admit fuch members as (hall be
e1eéled , which muU be by a m. jorll y of al leafl tweDly–
one votes; whtre..pon he is admiued, after payiog 40 s.
and fubfcribiDg lh'u he will endeavour to .promote lhe
good of lhe Royal Sociely of Loodoo byIhe improvemeot
of natural knowled~e; and being thus admiued. he after–
w.trds pay' 13 s a quarter, as long as he cootioues a
mcmber of the fociety .
S O CI ETY fo r ,Ih~ t ncouragt 11!ent o/ dril, 1IJonuf aEluru ,
o"d COlNll/:-rct. The public [pirit of this age is no·wherc
more remHkably f'hewD, than in the Aourifh1ng coodicioa
of this valuable fociety, whore objeEt is the improvemeot
of Ihe pohle, u(efu l, and commercial arts, in all their
, arious branches, by excitiog indufl ry and emulacion a·
mong all \1, ho can be O:imulated by honorary or pecuniary
rewards. l e was fel on fOOI in the year 175; , by lhe
L ord Folkflooe, L ord Romoey, Dr Hales, aod feveD
or eight pn vate gentlemen. who "ere brought together
by Ihe uowearied paios of Mr W'iJliam Shipley. who h. d
long laboured tO red uce lotO praEtice a fcheme he had
formed fo r Ihis purpore Thi. roeielY, al Iheir fecood
meeting, dett:rminrd to m"ke a beginning, by propofi ng
rew,uds ror the dlfcovery of cobalt, for lhe encourage–
ment of boys aod glrls in the an of drawing. and for the
plAnting of madde r io Ihis klngdom. Aod now money
being w:.l ntcd, a volunlary (ubCcription \Vas begun; foon
after whicll a pl..n was drawn up for for ming, regulaling.
and governi ng lhe fociety : .tnd now ,he utdilYof fuch
a fociet y beca",e ro welJ underllood. Ih.. immedi.., ly
fe,er~1 noble01en and gentlemeo offered themlelves as
membersj and ef"(r fince lh", time, in íncreafe hAS bl!([l
fo extraordinrry. Ihlll it confins of (everal thou(.,¡ nd mem·
bers, among \1, hom are moft of the nobililY, ud p~ rloos
of large fort uoes io Ihe kiogdom. T he ofli:ers of Ihi.
fodelY ¡¡ re. a prefident , eight vice.prer.deols, a regi{ler,
a feactary, aod an ;¡lfill olnl.fecret ary, \l/ha are: al! chofl! n
by bal/ol aoou.l/y 0 0 ¡he firfl Tuelday io l\1 .rch E"<ry
perCon der.' log 10 be a meOlber 1') this foch,-ty muft be
propofed by (hree members : his n¡¡me, addltlon. anJ
pLtcl! of abüde, being tt"4IJ .. lolld by the fecretal)' he i5
ballotlecl lor al th~ nexI me,tUne : he (h,¡1I b~ dCl.mlJ a
perpetual menl!.le r upon pa)'l1lent oC t\\'enly 01' 1t
fu bfmbinc mcm~cr upon paymeo! of ;n)' (um 001 !.r.
th~o