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N A V
llDiverfc; or, whicb is tbe Carne thing, ir is a panicular
.fii:mblage of the mechaDieal propenios (Jf maner, as
figure, matioo, &c.
NAVARINO, a port·'o",o of European Turkey in the
More. , ninety·miles fouth·WeH of Corimh.
NAVARRE, a pro,ioee of , bounded by French
N -narre on the nonh-eail, by ArragoD 00 lhe (outh ·
eall, by Old CaniJe 00 the fouth ·wel!, .od by G uipuf.
coa on rhe wefi:: il is a mountanious couotry.
Freoeh N.,arre, fepar.,ed from Spanifh N.varre
on .he fou,h· well by ,he Pyrenees: it is only.thirty
miles loog, .nd ñfteeo broad; being one of tbe mo11
barreo provi:lccs in Fraoce.
NAVE, io arebiteélure, the body of. ehu,eh where the
N A v 1 G
N AVIGATION , is the 3rt of conduéling or carrying a
Ihip from one pon to anOlner. lo arder tO under·
(land dlls fcien ce, particularly the theoretical pans of ir, it
j, neeelfary that the Iludont be with the general
princi ples of GEOJ>.1ETRY, ASTRONOMY, and TRIGOl'lO"
M["[k Y . See theCe anicles.
Seél. 1. Of ¡he LOC'L1NE and C OMPASS.
l . TH E method eommonly made uCe of for meafu,ing
a Chip's way at fea, or how rar lb: runs iRa given fpace
of ,ime, is b.y the 10g·line, aod ·minufe gl. C •.
2. Thc log is a nat pieeo of wood, io fua pe hke a Bouo·
der, ha, ing a piece of lead fallened .0 ilS boltom, which
makes it iland or fwim upright io lhe Water: tO , his log
i, .ied o, fallened a long line, whieh is ealled .he 10g·line;
aod this is commonly divided ioto certaio fpaces, e3ch of
¡St or ough{ to be, fuch a proportional pan or a
nautieal mile (60 of whieh make a degree of a great ei,e1e
00 lhe earth) as half a miou!C (the tlllIe aUowed for the
txperiment) is or 3n hour.
3. ThcCe fpaees a'e called knots, beeauf" al lhe end of
c3eh of them there: is a piece of t\Vine with'knots in it,
inreeved Letween the ll rands of the lin!!, which fhewB how
many of thtre Cpaces or knotS are run out duriog lRe
half miou'e. Tbey commonly begin to be eoun,ed a' the
diflance of abou. 10 f..hom 0,60 feet from the log: .hat
fo lhe lag, when it is hove over board, may be out of the
e~dy of .he fu ip's wake before they begin tO eount ; and
fllr the more rcady diCcovery of this pojnl of commence·
rolot, lhcre is commonly fa(lened at il a pícce of red rag .
4 The log being thus prepared, and hove over boa,d
from the poop• • nd the line vee,ed OUt (by .he help of a
red, that (uros e¡Gly, and about which it is wound) as
fafl as ,he log wiJl carry il away, or ..ther as the fulp fails
from it, wiIJ fhew, according to lhe time oC veering, how
far lhe fhip has rUo in a given time, and cooCequend y her
nle of C.iling.
5· 11 degree of a me,idian, aceo,ding 'o .he exaélefl
me. fu,e., eontains abou' 69.545 EngliOl Aliles; and each
ntll: by tbe Hatute being 5'SO fect, therdo,e a deg,ee
N A V
ptople . ,e difpofed, ,eaclliog f,om ,he ballullcr, Or
r~il (.If Ihe dloir, to lhe (hieE door.
N AVE L , in anatOCly, ,he eentle of ,he lo"'e, pan of
the ltbdomen; beini: lhílt pan where ,he umbilic~1 vel"·
fels f.n;'d out of 1he rretus '0 the placeota of the mo·
Iher. See rvilDWIFEP.V.
NAVEL' WORT, in botany. See COTYL tOON,
NAVEREIN I , , tOIVn of G areooy, in Franee, lixtecn
miles fouth ·ea·1l of B'yonne. ,
NAVEW, io uOlany, Sce B'''SS'CA, of whieh it i, a
fpeeies,
NAVICULARE os, in.n.tomy. See A"AT. p. 186.
N AVIDA D, a pon ' lo",n of Mexico, io . he p,ovinee of
Mechoaehan: W , long. 110°, aod N . Ial. 19°.
A T 1 o N.
o( a meridian will be abou. 367200 fe.. ; whenee lhe ¡.,¡
of that, t'iz. a minute, or nautita! mile, muH conulO
61201hndard feet; cooCequently, finee T minute ii the
-rn,. pan oF ao hour, ¡nd eaeh kOOI being the Carne pan
of a nautical mile, it follows, that each knot wiJl contaiQ
the TTlf of 6 J2 0 feet, viz. SI (eel.
6. Heoce il is evident, that whatever number of knot.
the lhip runs in half a miAute, lhe farne numlJer of miles
!he w¡)1 run in one hour, {uppofing her lO run with the
{ame degree of velocity during thal time ; and thcrefore
it is the genual way tOhe"ve lhe log every hour lo knolV
he, rate of faili og: bUl if the fore< or direélion of ·,he
wind vary, and'lol continue the Carne uuriDg lhe wholo
hour; oriflhere has beeo more raíl (el, or any {aíl handed.
.hal fo the Oli p hao ,un flVif.e, o, OOlVe, in any pa" of
,he hour ,han fhe did al the time of he.ving the log ;
.hen lhe,e mun be an allow.nee made aeeordingly fo, it.
and lhis mul! be aeeording 'o .he diferelion of the artin.
7. Sornetimes when the Ihip ¡s before 1he wind, and
there is a great fea (etting aCter hert tt will bríng home
the log, and eonfeq uently the OlÍp wiU fail fafler lh.n i.
given by ,he log. In this eafe it is ufu.I, i~ there be a very
great Cea, tOalJow one milt: in ten, and lefs in propon íon,
if [he fe. be not fo gre... Bu, for the genera lity, the
fu ip's way is reaUy ,han th•• given by the log ;
and thererore, inarder tO have the reckoniog rathc: r before
than behind the n,ip, (whieh i••he r.fel! "" y,) it \ViU be
p,oper 10 the on the 10g.line between knot
and knot tO eonGIl of 50 fee t innead of 5 l.
S Ir the Cpaee uelween knot and knot on the log. line
fuould happen ' 0 be tOO grea. in propon ion to ,he half–
minute glaCs, "iz . grea1er than So feet, then the diflance
given by lhe log wiU be too fuo,,; and if tha. fp~ee be
tOO fm.U, then the dillanee ,un (given by ,he log) will be
100 greitt; thereCore 10 find lhe true. diflance run in ei–
ther c",ft, having meaCured lhe di(lance between knot and
knot, we have Ihe folJowing proponíon, viz.
As Ihe (rue difiance, so feet , ¡, 10 the meaCured diflance;
fa are the miles of difiance gívcn by the 10g, W lhe {rue
din anec in mil. s ,hat lhe Olip has ,un.