1000000031

N A T

( 362

)

N A T

up from the fu rfaee of the ground, and e.1I it foap .

fong. with aheavy

he.rt

, to ,he eontrariety of .vin, g""

cu th . The earlíeH

account

\Ve hílve of

the

and nitre

and Jeremiah

fays,

that

rhe lioner wafh

Seriptures, "here we find ,ha, the falt ealled nitre in

llil1lfelf with nitr<, hi. fin is not cleanfed off. Thet.

thofe times would ferment with vinegar, and had an

are propert ies:that perfeél:lyagree witb chit

{ah,

bUlnQt

abllerfive quality, fo tha, it w.s ufed in hllhs and in

at aU with our fal, 'petre.

w.fhing things. Solomon eomp.res ,he fioginJ: of

NATURAL

ATO

RAL, Hl

STOR

v, is

thal {cience

which

not

on1y

gives comple,ll

deCcriptions

natur:d

produaions

·in general,

bUl

alfo teaches tne

melhod

of arraoging them

into CJa{fes, Orders, Genera, and Speciea. This

ddi··

nition inel.des Zoology, Hotany, M ineralogy,

&c.

Bot, in a work of this kind, we ,r.ough,

would bo

c afier, and more advantageous

lhe rcader, to

tr('al

theCe

br.nehes of natural hiflory fepara,ely under their refpec.

t ive "ames.

See

BOTAN Y,

&c.

Under the

title

~ A

L HI STO R Y,

therefore. we

(haUconfine

ourfelves

ZOOLOG Y,

or that ptln of it which relates

Ani–

,,,011.

is Jikcwifl! necelfary

to mention in

this

place,

that

we ha.e given the defcriptions

:-;nd

charaéters of

animtlls

u nder ,heir

pro.er

names. The feieo,ifie part of ,he fub·

jell, then::fore, or the rnethod of

invenigating the

genera

or fpecies

2.nimals)

me"n~

nalural

or artificial

arrangement, ooly reolílins to be

ex plained .

lo order to

~ bridge

,he Cludy of zOQlogy, many me·

thods

of recnei ng

a.li

mals to

claíT'es, genera,

and fpedes.

.htl'f'e beeo iOl'cnted.

B ut,

as that of L innzus is

undoubt–

e.lly th, bell, the mcll cx,eofi<e, aod ,he leafl uoderllood,

null

gi\'e a brief aceOllnt of

¡t.

Linmeu~

divides

,he

whole

animal kingdom

ioto

6 c1affe¡.

The ehara<'lers o( there 6 elarres are taken from ,he in ·

ternal flruélure of anim:¡!s. in the fo llowing :nanner.

CL ASS l. MAM ALIA, ioeludesall animals tha,

fuekl e , hei r young. The ehara<'lers o( ,his claf.

are

theCe:-

The beart

has two ,

ventricles

and

tWO auricles; the blood is

red and

warm ; and

the

anjmals

belonging to it

are

viviparouI.

CLAS' Il. AVES, or BJRos .-The eban<'ler.

are the fame wi,h ,hofe o( Clafs

<xcep,ing

that

the

animals

helongi ng

are

.fJv iparouJ.

C LASS IlI . AMPHI BIA, or A" PHt BIOUS A–

NI l'!1A Ls .-The

h~arl

has

but one ventricle and

one au ricle; the

6/00d

is red and cold ; and the

animal,

belongiog

this

c1ars

have the command

of thei r

/ung l,

fo that the intervals

between

in–

ftira/ion

and

~xpjralion

are

fome

meafurc

tI,, –

luntary.

CLASS IV. PISCES, or FISH Es .- The

hMrt

has ,he fame llru<'lure, aod ,he

Mood

,he fame

quali, ies with thore o( ,he

A"'l'hibia;

bllt the a·

nimals

bcloncing

th is claCs are e;t.lily

dillingulfh–

.ed (rom the Amphibia, by h.ving no fueh volun–

tary comm'lnd

their

IUlJgI,

and

having exter–

na)

branchi~

gillI.

G ASS V.

ll'<SECT.~,

or INSECTS .-The

h,art

H 1 S T O R

nas

ont

'fJentric1e,

but

aurl cle;

tbe

/;/00:1

cold and white ; and ,he animals are furoilbed

with

antenn4, '

fa/t rI .

CL ASS

VI. .

VERMES, or Wo":'u .-The

cha–

ra<'lers ale ,he fame wi,h ,hofe of Clafs V. only

the animals have DO aOleooz, aod are fu rDilhed

wit h

frnla cu",.

T he

Firfl

e/ají,

MAMMALIA, is fubd ivided io,o

ORDERS;

the

eharallers

of Víhich

are caken

from

lbe

Dumber,

firuéture,

and

(jtuation of tbe T E

E T H .

th. bEK.

The

PR(MATES,

have

ineiforcs)

o.r

.fo,,·t uth,

in eaeh jaw, ¡nd on<

dog ·

/o.tb

N . B_

one

don'

roolh,

L iñoZ'us

means

one

on eaeh

/ide of the (ore te"h iD both j . ws.- Tbis order

¡neludes 4

genera,

viz.

H amo, Simia,

L emur.

V efpertilio

See ,hefe .rtielu.

ORO eR

n .·

The BRuTA,

h.vcno(Ort.tUlh

ic.ci–

ther

jaw -

This arder

indudes

genera,

fJiz .

Eleph•• , Triehechus. Bradypos, Myrmecopb. ga,

M anis, D afypus. Se< ,hefe .nicles.

O'OER IlI . The f E""' , have, for ,he m"ll par<,

6 conica/ f ore- fulh

each

jaw.-

Tbis order

iD–

eludes

genera,

'Viz.

Phoca,

Canis,

Felis. Vi–

vena, M uflela, U rrus, D idelphis.

Talpa, Sorex"

Erinaceus. See

theCe

anicles .

OROER IV. The GLtR€S,

h.ve

fore·te«h iJl

eh j aw, . nd no

dot-tuth.-

Thi. order indudes

genera,

viz.

H yOrix,

Lepus,

Callor, Mus_

S eiurus,

Notlilio.

See

(hefe

anicles .

OROER V . T he P'CORA, have no

jOrr tuth

itl

the

upper

jaw,

but

,he under-jaw.–

This

arder ¡neludes 6 &enera,

viz .

Can¡elus.

Mofehus, Cervus, Capr., O vio, Bos. Se< ,befe

anicles.

O RO" VI. T he BELLUA>, have

.bluftjOr..tutb

in eaeh

jaw.-

ThlS

order

inel"des

4 genera,

viz .

E qous. Hippopotamus, SIlS, Rbinoceras. See

thefe artic1es .

OROE R VII. The CET I ,

or"""al,lind,

havenó

uoiform charatle r

thci'f'

~et:th,

bcing

v.er

y diC ..

(ercnt

the ddferent genera

but

are fuffiei en t–

Iy diUinguifhed from 'the other

ord.rs

o( Marnma–

lia.

11vin¡: in the

oeean,

J¡avtng petloral

rins.

.nd • fiUo l. or .fpiraeulum upon the h<ad.- This

arder ¡neludes 4 genera,

viz.

onodon, Balzna,

P byf«er, D dphiDus. See ,hef< .rtielu.

T be

K!nr:ric

ch~ raélers

of the

M . mnuli¡

J.rc,

Ilkl! thore

of the orders, allUon en,irely ,..«en from th. THTH,

<:xceptinJ: