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t;\'iolent Wilhl, by blowi llg up tret:; , (jI' o\-crturning the
p,trtS of ro~k5 . has chfco\·cII..·J a m:nc ¡ (he farne hJ.s
h:'lppC'ncd by ~iol.:nt fhowCIS, cjJr; h~t!,l kcs . tllundcr,
lhe lir:n;; of \\'oods, or c\'~n ti)',: Ibt..h.,c cf a plough. –
(har e or h orle's hoar.
Bllt th: art of r.nninz ~s nOl wai t ror thert: fdvourp
il';)C llccidcntSo , bU I dirca ly gocs upon lhl! rc~rch ano
difco\'ery 01' t"l\fh mineral T : InS. ores, or rands~ ;1"
m.,y be worth lhe wOl king for metal. T he principal
invd ligation and d ,(cov<: ry of miil~s depcnd upon ¡¡ pH ·
ticular ragacity, - or acqmred hab:\ of jUQgin~ from p"'–
ticular figns, that. :lletdllic maners .\1 e c.:octaineJ in
I=cruin pans o f the eanh, nal far b~lo\V ¡es (urf....ce .
The principar Cigns óf a Jatent met;{lI ic vej o, fc:COl re·
ducible to gcn: ral hcads; rueh as , l . T hc d ifeo\'cry
of tertain mineral walen . 2 . T he. d .reoloura(ion of
the tr<es or gnfs of a place. 3 . The fi nJing of pie.
ces of ore on the furrace of lhe ground . ". 'rile rife
of wann exhaJations. 5 . l~he fi nding: of me:aUic
ands. aod the líke. AIJ which are fo m<lny encou ·
r aeemcDu for m~ki ng a Ctriéler reareh near the pbces
where any thing of Ihis kind appca'rs; whence rules
of praélice might be Cormed for rcJucing IQis ar t ro a
grearcr certainty . B llt when no t'vidt:nl marks of a
mine appears, the Ikil fu) miner,t!¡{l bores intO
the eanh, in fuch places as from fome analogy ofknow–
lcdge, gained by ex perience: or by obferving th e G–
tUAlioo, courre, or nature of other mines, he j udges
may contaín mct .. l. .
After the mine is fouod, the ncxt th i n~ to b.: conti–
dered, is wheth er it may be dug la adyantage. In
order to determine lhis, \Ve are duJy to weigh the na ·
l ure of the place, and its filu atión, as tO woou, wa –
ter . carriagc, healthinc:fs, aod Ihe Iake j and compare
t be refult with the richnc:fs o f 1he ore, the char&e of
digging, Oamping , walhing. and fmelti'ng.
Panicularly tbe funn and fit uation of the fpo! fllOUld
be wdl c:onfidered. A mioe muO citber hi1ppen, l .
I n a mount ai~ , 2 , In a hill, 3. In a "alley. d r,
4 . I n a I1dt. B ut mountains arlu IHIJS are dug with
much greater eare and conyenience, chit,l1y becallfe
the drains and burrow3, that ¡s, [he adiu or avenuC,S,
may be h ere readi ly CUI, borh to d rain lhe WAter and
to form gang ' w,y' for bringing OUt the lead, &c. lo
all the four cafes \Ve a re to look OUI Ibr lhe vein3 which
the n íns, or otller accidental thing, may JeliJ
b are; a nd if fu ch a veio be round , it may oftcn be
p roper to open Ihe miDe at thal ?Llce. efpeeiall y if lhe
vejn prove toJerably largr: and rich : ()(hl!rwife the mofi
(:ommodious place fo r fi.lualion is to be chofe for lhe
purpofe, vi z. neither on a OH, Dor on lhe tops o f
m ountains, bur on lhe fides. The bt O fitu;ltion fo r a
m iDe, .is a mouota:n0113, wnady , wholcfome (PO(; of
a rafe ca (y afcem . and bardc rin~ 0 0 a navig:1ble rivcr.
The placcs :!bounJi ng ",,¡eh mines :il re gcneróllly hcal–
thy, as llanding h igh , and evcry whc le cx pofc cJ 10 the
air ; yet fome CS, where mio~s are fou nd , prO\'e
poifono~~, and c:\n, \11100 no'account, be ClIg , Ihough
Cl'er fa (ich: lhe way o r c,.lmicing d furpetll!cJ Flace
of this 1::ndJ j:; lb I1ll b :: cxpcii m'- nt s ur oo brutcs, by
M N
e:<\.",Ii, g them to tlle dnu,,;~ or ex h:"ation~, t:l fin:! th~
dr.i:1s.
])';\'ollfLirc "ncl Cor nw~ l. where thcre are a ~relt
rnany mines (.Ir cop r r.:r ~lOd tln, is a very ltloum a.n:l,:s
COllMl"y. whi~h glves <t n oppolt unity in m.lny pJ.lees
t O nwk: ¡¡Jit:;: , or fubtcrr.tnCf)US drains. 10 fome ,·...!ky
at a d lltelnce. by whlch to carl y off lhe water frolll
the mine. w hieh oehuwil e wou ld drown Ih t r.1 out from
gl!U tng the órc, T hcfe adits are fomelimcs carric.i a
nlile or 1\\'0. :m d dug at a v..fi cxpence, as (:--om ::l:OO~ l.
to 40': 0 1. cfpecially where lhe ground ¡, roeky ; Jnd yc:t
thty find lhis che.pcr than lO draw up lhc w.Her out
o f lhe mine quite to lhe 10p, whell ,he water rUns in
pll.'nt y. and lhe n,ioe is dcep. S ometimes, indeed,
they cannot find a Jevd ocar enough, 10 ....·hich an .. da
may be carried frohl lhe very botl om of lhe mine ;
yet they find it wonh while! tO nrake an adit at halE
the height to which the water is to be raifl!d, thereby
f;:;.ving lu ir lhe ex pence.
The late Mr Con ar, confidering th at rometiOlcs (rom
fmall ft reams, and fom::tirnes from little fprings, or
colleet ions of rain-water, one I miCht h ave! a p"reuy
d c:aJ of wate r aboye ground. though not a fuffi cient
<J uantity tO turn an overfhot-whc:el, lhou~ht, rhal ir .1
fufficient fall might be had, this colleaion o f water
might be made ufeful in r¡¡fine the \ViHer io a mine·to
the adit, VJhere it ma y be carried off.
1\11 N E , in th'e milituy art, denotes a fubterraoeous ca–
nal, or pa(fage. dug under the wal} or rampart of a
forti6c.ltion, ¡atended to be blo",n up by gon' powder .
Tbc alley or of a m ine i. commonly about
four feee fquare; at the end of this is the chamb~ r of
the mine. which j, a cavity aboul fiyedeet in width
and in lcngth, and about fix feet io height ; and here
lhe guo· puwd(:r is fiuwC'd . The f,¡ueilrc: of the miDe,
is [he train, fo r which Ihere is always a Jiule aperture
Jefe Thc:re are yarious kinds of mines, which acquire
",arious names, as rOyell mines , fcr peotine ruioes, fork·
ed mines, according as their pafTdgcs are nraight, ob..
- lique, windiog. Oc.
MINEJl L -\D, a bo rou~h and pOr! town of Somerfet–
fll ire. w hich fends lWO membcrs [O parlialllent: Vil,
long_ 3° 20' . N . lat. 51 ° l S'.
MINERAL, in oalu,,1 hillory, is ufed, in geoeral, for
all foRiI bodics, whu hcr fi mplc or compollnJ, dug out
of a fu bterraneous mine, (rom wh icb il takes its deDO–
min:Hion .
l\[I NERA L IJlú!( rJ, in medicine, all thore wherein any
medicinal \'i, tues. bcfiJe . thofe: of.common waler, ar..;
(ound.
T hefe min: ral watcrs ".re of various kind, . but thc1
are conliJc red under the cencrOl I tides of chalyhc:~r(' .
purgative, anu :l ltera-i, e. 'T'he more ufc:ful ar..1 eOl"l '
modious a<luirion, for examír'ing tllLfe lhrce l...mJs of
mincral W.llCI s, are, accordinc to Dr S h:ny, g ,dls. ({.
rup of ví olcts, and oi l of t;1r1 "r per d~liq\lium. G.!lIs
d¡(co \'cr io the m any (m¡1I r rt'portion of " in :ol ('Ir d.f,
fuh't'd ¡ron. :os h .. \ ing the prop~Tl y ot' rml1lul'J.lcly
llriking a pl1rple o ro bbc:':' culcnr in all \\·" tas \~ I1~r:
any fuch lubltance is 10dg<J , Spi ti[ of ',¡~I", i , t:,: