1000000030

922 / 1042

L A w.
of whieh eao be brol'g!.t under Ihe power of lny ooe
perCoo, Ihough Iheir uCe be comOl00 lOall: Olhers are
by I.w exeOlpled from prirale eOOlmeree, io reCpelt of
the uCes to "'hieh Ihey are dcnined. Of this lafl kind
are, t. l/(I p/lólic"" as naviglble rivers, highw, ys,
bridge!, &c.: th~ righl of IheC~ is vdled io Ihe King,
t hiefly for the benefil of his people, and Ihey are cal·
ed · ((galiJ. 2 . Ro . ni. ajira/iJ, Ihings which be·
loog in propeny 10 a panie~lar eorpor31ioo or (oeitty,
Dnd whoC~ uCe is eomOlon 10 el'e' y iodividu~1 io il j bUI
both propeny aod uCe ~re Cu~jea 10 the reguluioos of
the Coeiely ; as tO·No·houCes, :ls. market·
plaees, chureh yards, &c. T he lands or olber revenue
bclonging to a eorpomioo do npt fall uoder this daCs,
but arej . riJ priua/i.
3 Propeny may be acquired, tilher by oecupation
or aeee!lioo ; and transferred by tradition or preCcrip.
tion : BUI preCeription, being alfo a way of loting pro.
pw y, falls to be explained under a Ceparate ti,le OC·
Ct1' ATION, or oeeupaney, is Ih~ appropriating of Ihings
whieh hal'e no owner, bynpprehending Ihem, or Cei~lng
their porre!lion. This w.s Ihe origioal method of aequi.
·ring propen y, and conlinued. under cem in renril!ions,
"be do.'\rine of Ihe Roman law, f¿uDd lIulliul rjI, j / De'
.(. pan/iJ; but il canhave noroomin Ihe feudal plan, by
whieh Ihe Kiog is looked on as th.e original proplietor of
all the lands lI'ilhin his dominions.
4' Even io that Con of moveable goods whieh are'
'preCumed tO lave ooee had an owner, Ihis rule oblaios
by the lawof Seotl2nd, !?!IDd nulliul rjI, j / dOIMilli n ·
giJ. Thus, the righl of treafures hid under ground, il
-not aeq nil\o by oeeupation , bUI acerncs to Ihe KioR.
T hus alCo, II'here one fin~s nrnl'ed caule or olher move·
, bies, which havc beco Ion by the former OlVoer, the
Eoder aequires 00 righl in them, bue mun give public
nOliee thereof j aod ir lVilhin ym aod day afler Cuch
nOlice, Ih( p" opric,or does OOt c1aimhis goods, Ihey (~1l
' 0 the King, Sh~riff, or olher perfon, 10 whom che King
has m3de 3 grant of Cueh efcheals
5. InIhnt fon of /Uol'caLles whieh ncverhad an owner,
~s wild b~an~, fOll'ls, filhes, or pearls fOllnd 00 Ihe nIore,
~h~ origioal law ukcs pbce, that he whofirn apprehenós,
beeomes proprietor j in fo mueh, that Ihough Ihe IIght
~f huneiog, fOl\'ling, and 6nling, be renrained by flalul~,
uodercellain pennlti,'s, )'el all game, even whJI is ealch·
ed io eunm l'encion of che lalV, bceomes Ihe p,operly of
Ihe wcher, unl(fs IVhae Ihe confi(cationIher of is made
ra" of he reoa1ty: HUI whales tbro\l'n in or'killed on
our eoalls, bclong neilher 10 Ihofe who kIli Ihem, nor 10
the prop,iclor of Ihe grounos on whieh they are cal!,
but 10 Ihe Kio~. p,oviding Iheyare fo IHge as Ihat Ihey
canno' be drawn by a wane ",ilh fi)( OXen.
6. Accr ssloNis Ihal way of Jcquiring prop~rty. by
hich, in t"o Ihings which have a caonetlion ",i,h, or
dependence on one aoolher, Ihe property of ,he prill.:ipnl
thlng or."'s .fler il Ihe propeny of 'IS occ,norl" Thus
the owntr of a COI\' brccOlcs Ihe o",oer of ,he calf; a
houCe belong' 10 Ihe OIVntr of Ihe groued on ",llId, it
ilands. Ihough Luilt "i.h mm".ls bdonginn 10, ami 3t
Ihe chuge 01 ¡nalher. 111< Ren!>os e"lplcÓ f,om Ilus
. ule Ihe ,"fe of p i~tjn¡;s dr WDOD anolher m n's bUdU
or e¡nVnl, in confiJcration or 11o! llency of the art ;
whieh e~ceplion ollr p,.l!t.:e hJi for a I,ke re.fon ell'
lended 10 limil., n fcl.
7. Uoder acer/Jion iGcompreheoded S' EeIFI eATI oN •
by wh,ch is me¡nl, n perCon 's maklOg a o:'" Irems o;
fubjel! , f,'oOl m~l~rials bdunting 10 anolher. Where
Ihe nelV Cpecies can be ' galO rcduer.d 10 Ihe OI<IIer of
whieh it was made, law eonliolm Ihe formrr mnfs .s fli ll
exifii ng j aod Iherdore. the o~w fpecies, as ao acel rrory
10 Ihe furmer Cubjea. belonr,1 10 Ihe proprielor of Ih a!
Cu~jelt : BUI wherc Ihething mad, eannut be (o redueed,
as in the caCe of wioe, which c. nnOI be aJ:~in lu,nld in·
lOSl3p~S, Ihere is no place fur Ihe j .?i. j/lrjl j . and
Ihtrefore Ihe wOl kmJnlhi~ dra", afler tt Ihe propcny of
Ihe materials.
8. T hough Ih: oelV Cpeeies Olould be produeed (rom
Ibe COMM IKfl ONor confufion of di(ferent CuLflanm
belonging 10 d,fI'mnt proprielo" , th: fame rule huid. j
bUI ..htre Ihe mixlure is made by Ihe. common eonfene
of Ihe owners, Cueh conCenl m~kes Ihe whole a common
property. aeeording 10 Ihe Ihares that proprielor
had fOllnerly in the Ceveral Cubjetll. Whe'e Ihings of
the Canle fon are mixed Wilhoul Ihe conCeot oCIhe pro–
prietors, whieh eannol again be fe pumd . t . g. IWO
hoglheads of wine, the whole IlkeIYiCe beeomes a common
property: but in'Ihe afler·di.ifion, regard oughl tObe
had 10 ,he d,(fmnl qUllity of Ihe winel : If Ihe'tlllng'
fo mixed .dmil of a Ccparation, t . g. IWO Bvcksof Iheep,
th~ propeny continu,s ditlinlt.
9. Propwy is cmied (rom one to another by TiA'
DI T10 H; whieh is Ihe delivery of rofi'effion by Ihe pro·
prielor, with an inlentioo 10 transr., Ihe propeny 10 Ihe
«eeiver. T IVo Ihings are Iherefore requifite, in order
10 the tranCmitting of propeny io this way: 1. TIle in·
Icnlion or eonCenl of Ihe former OlVner 10 transfer it on
fome proper tide of . Iienatioo, .as , exehange, gifl,
&(. 2. The ,l!ual rldi,'ery in purfuance 01Ihat iOlen·
lion. The firn is eall~d Ihe (au/a, the other Ihe modu/
/ra",jtrtndi ¿' /ni"ji : Whieh 'ln is fo neeerrary 10 Ibe
acquiring of propmy, Ihal he who geu che lan rigll!,
wilh Ihe firn tradilion, is preferred, aClordlOg 10 Ihe
rule, r radi/iwibu/, non n. diJ ,afliJ. /ran/jtlun/ur ".
f U/lJ dDlo/inicl.
tOo T radilíon is eilh~r m i, where Ihe ip/ a (or/,'"
of mOl'cables 21e put into Ihe hands of Ihc receiver; or
fymboliCAI, whlCh is uCed where Ihe Ihing is incapableof
real ddil'ery, or ev.nwh, n .tlll.1oclirc,y ji only Incon–
vcnlenl Where Ihe pafi:/lianor cunodyol lhe Cu jetl h"
beeo befare ",ilh him 10 ",h,'mIhe property il 10be tranCo
fcrred, ti" re i$ no ruOIn Cor !ladillon.
11 . porrr/Jion, \Vhich jI e"enllal bo,h 10 the acquifi.
tion .nd rnjo)'mel\t of I"uperly, isdc6ncd, Ihe "molion
of a Ih,ns, II'lIh. ddi¡¡n or (l/Ii". ul ,n tllc detainrr of
huldrnf, il as his "14n. It c•., I be ae",uirrd b)' Ihe role
a~ of ,he mind. wilhoue real j bUI bein~ once
acqnirco. il may be connrurJ Jola a,.,,.,o. P.fi'dliro is
.i,ha natu,.l. ur cilll. ",ulal r"fI'dT."n lO. "h~n one
pn/fo·fl'es by hIOlCcI(: Thus wc ¡'Offdl !'n,ls b) cuhn ¡ –
IIn~ .henl and r.aplOg Ihl;' f, uill, htoul" \ly lI,h.bil1nr.
Ih. m. nlM nbb by d(tainln~ Ihcn) ," 01 r l. elfOl
púlfdliun i; CUf holJinc Ibe !hlng, '¡Ih.. b~ I!'~ f l•. I¡,
(l