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L A U

arborca, or [ea·tree mallolJ, is a oative ofBritain.

LAUBACH, a city of Germany, iD Ihe cirele of Au–

firia, aod the capitalof the duchy of Carinthia :

Ion.

14°

40"

and N. lat.

46°

28'.

LAUDANUM. See OPIUM .

LAUDER, a borough town of Scodand, in the nlire

of Mm, Gtuated rweoty·two miles [outb·eafi of E·

dioburgh.

LAVENDER. See LAVENOULA.

LAUGHTER, ao affeaion peculiar to inaokiod, occa–

fioned by fomething that lickles thefaocy.

In laoghter: tbe eye-brows are raifed about the

middle, aod drawo down oeXL Ihe nofe; the eyesare

a1moUlhut; the mo¡lth opens, and Ihews rhe teeth, the

corners of the mouth beiog drawn hack and nifed up ;

Ibe cheeks [eem puffed up, aod atmofi hide Ibe' eyes;

Ihe race is afually red, and noílrils opeo, and lJ¡e

eyes IVet.

LAUNCESTON, the county·town of-Cornwal,lhirty_

fIX

miles wefi of Exmr'j

loo.

'4° 40"

N. lat.

50°

4S'·

feods IWO members to parliameot.

LAUNCH, io tbe fca language, figniSes to put out : as,

latlnch Ihe

/hip,

Ihat is, put her out of Ihe dock:

launch a/I,

/crw:Jrd,

fpeaking of Ihings that are

fiowed in the hold, is, put them more forward:

launch,

he!

is a lerOl uCed when a yard is hoified high eoough,

and fignifies,

hoij/ no more.

LAURA, in church-hillory, a name given to a eollec–

tioo of little cells, at Come difiance from each other,

in which the berroits, in aneient limes, lived togetber

io a wildernefs.

TheCe hermits did not live in community, but eaeh

monk provided for himCelf in his dilHoa cell. The

mofi eelebrated lauras menlÍoned in eceleuafiieal hi–

Hory, were in Palefiine; as the Laura of St Euthy–

mas, at four or 6ve leagues difiance from JeruCalemj

Ihe laura of St Saba, near the brook Cedron; the

laura of

Ih~

Towers, near the river Jordan,

&c.

LAURENTALIA; in Romanantiquity, a fefiival cele-'

brated in honour of Acca Laurentia, Romulas's nurCe.

LAURUS, in botany,

genus of the

eone~ndria

mono–

gyoia claCs.

has no calix; Ihe eorolla confins of

fIX

petals; the neélarium coofifis oF'three glands, with

two brifiles Currouoding the germen; and the drupa

eontains bu! one feed. There are eleven {pecies, al

mong which are the cinnamoniuOl, or cinnamon·tree;

the camphora, or camphor.tree, (Cee CAMPUOR

¡)

¡od the falfafras, or CalfafraHree.

The bark of tlie cinnam,on.tree is light. thin, and

of a reddilh eolour, rolled

in long qoills or canes

of a ú azraot delightful Cmel , aod an aromatie {\'Ieet

may be denncd, "Theeommaod of the Cove–

reign power, contaioing a common rule of tife for

Ihe fubje/Is."

is divided inlOo the law of nature, the

¡_IV

of oations, aod civil or

muoicipalla~,

L A U

pungent tane, with fome degree of anriogency. It is

generally mixed wlth the cafil bark: this lan is caGly

dininguinlable by its brcaking om COIOOtr" whilfi cio–

namon Cplinters; and by its flimy mueilaginous ta(le;

without any thing of the roughneCs of the true ciona–

mono Cino.mon is avery elegant aod ufeful aromatie,

more grateful both to the paJate aod (lomach rhan

moa other {ubfiances of this claCs : .by ils afiringent

quality it likewiCe corroborates the viCcera, and proves

of great {ervice in feveral kinds of alvine Huxes and

immoderate difeharges from the merus. As eíl'entia!

oil, a fimplo and fpirituous difiilled water, and a

tioc~.

ture ofit, are kcpt in the Ihops : it is likewife employ'

ed as a {picy ingredieot io a great number of compo–

filÍoos.

The root of the falfafras·tree is brought

us io long

firaight pieces, very Fght, aod of a fpoogy texNre,

covered with a rough fungous bark; outwardly of an

anl colour, inwardly of the colour of ru(ly iron.

has a fragraot Cmell, and a CWeetinl aromatie Cubacrid

talle: the bark !afies mueh firongcr than aoy other

part

j and the fmall twigs fironger thao the large piem.

As to the ,irtues of this root, it is a warm aperieo!

and corroboraot j aod frequeotly employed, with good

fucceCs, for purifyiog and {weeteniog the blood .od

juices. For theCe purpofes, infufions made from Ihe

raCped root or bark may be drank

tea.

fome

conllitutioos, thefe liquon, by tbeir fragrance, are

'pt, on 6rfi takiog thero, to alt'ca tbe he.d: in Cuch

caCes,

they may be advantagiouny freed from their Ila–

vour by boiliog j a deeo(tion of f.Ifafras, boiled do.,n

to tbe conufience of an extraa, proves fimply bitterifh

and fuballringent. HofFmao .lfmes us, that be has fre–

quently given this extraa to the quantity of a Ccruple

at a time, wilb remarkable fucceCs, for nrengthening

the tone of the vifcera in cachexies';

as'

alfo in the

decline of interminent fevers, and i'l hypochoodriacal

. fpaCms. Salfafras yields in diflillation 'n eXlremely

fragrant oil, of a penetratiog pungent talle, Co ponde'–

rous (notwithnandiog the lightnefs of the

dru~

ilfelf)

as to fink in water.

Reélifi~d

fpirit extrafls the whoJe

tafle and fmell of Cafr.fras: and e1evales nothing in

e·

vaporation: henee the fpirituoqs extrae proves the mofi

elegant and eRicacious preparatioos, as cootaioing the

vinue of Ihe root entire.

The only oRicinal preparation of falfafras is the eC–

feotÍal oi!. The Cal!'.fras ¡tfelf is an ingrcdient in lhe

decoétion of the woods and the compound lime wa–

ters, and the oil in th'e elixir guaiacinum.

LAUSANNE, a city of Switzerland, in the canton of

Bern, utuated on the north Gde of the lake of Geneva:

.E.loo.

6° 31'.

and N.lat.

46° 33'.

l .

The lawof nature is that which God has preCcribed

to all men, by the internal diam of reafon ,Ione.

diCcovered by

jufi confideration of the

agrmblrn~Cs

diCagreeabl~nefs

of human aflions to the Dature of Olan;

•

2nd