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money lo\Vards it. Fir.ding the projc~ , h~ gal'c
his fi ller, Ihe princef~ of Cibo, Ihe btnefil of Ihe in·
oulgences of Saxony and lhe neighbonring Fans. and
IdrOlcd OUl Ihofe of olher counlrics 10 lhe bighefl bid·
ders, \Vho. 10 make Ihe bcfl of Ihei r b:ugains, procu·
red Ihe ~blell preachel s 10cry up Ihe v:liue of Ihe \Vare.
" Happy li",ts for finnm! fa)'s a modero writer,
.. 1!leir crimes were mee, and lhe remiflion of lhem
" fel up hy atlélión. The npofiolic ehancery taxed
" fins at a !,reuy rearonable ra!e. lt coll but ninely
" livres and a few ducalS, for criOles which peopleon
.. this fide Ihe Alps punilhed \\'ith death."
It was ¡his grm abufe of indulgences that contri·
buted not a liule to ¡he fi rfi reformatioo of religion in
where Manin Luther began fi,1I 10 de·
elaim again(l the preachers of indulgences, and after·
wards againll indulgences lhemfdves: bUI fince that
time lhe pores have becn orore fparing in the exercife
of lhis power: however, lhey (lill carry on a great
trade Wilh lhem tO the Indils, where lhey are puro
chafed at lWO rials a· piece, and fomclimC5 more.
The pope likewife granls indulgences lO perfons at
the poinl of dc~¡h j lhat is, he grants lhem, by a b,ief,
power tO chufe II'hat confeOor lhey plcafe, who is
aUlhorizcd lhmby 10 abfolre lhem froD! alllheir fins
in general.
INDULT, in the church of Rome, lhe power of pre·
fenting to benefices granted tO cenain perfons by lhe
pope. Of ¡his kind is lhe indult of kings and fove·
reign princes in the RomiOI communion, and lhat of
lhe p,rliament of Paris granted by feveral popes. By
the concordat for the abolilion of the pragmatie faoe·
tion, made belween Francis 1. and Leo X. iD 1516,
the French kiog has lhe power of nominaling lO bilhop.
ries, and clher confi(lorial benefiees, within his realm.
At lhe [ame lime, bya particular bull, lhepopegrant.
ed him lhe privilege of nominating to lhe ehurches of
Brilany and Provenee. In 1648 pope Alexander
VIl!. and in1668 Clement IX. granled lhe king an
indult for the bilhopries of Mel~, Toul, and Verdun,
whieh had been yielded to him by lha lrealy ofMun·
/ler; and in 1668 lhe fame pope Clemenl IX. grant–
ed him an indull for Ihe benefiees io lhe eounlies of
Roufillon, Artois, and lhe Netherlands. The eardi·
nals likewife have an indult granled lhem by agree·
roent belween pope Paul IV. and lhe faereu college
io I SSS, whieh is always eonfirmed by lhe popes at
Ihe time of their tleaion. By lhis uealy lhe cardi·
nals have the free difpofal of all lhe benefiees dependo
ing on the01, and are impowered Jikewife to bc(low a
benefice in commendam.
INDULTO, a dUly, lax, or cu~om, paid tolhe king
of Spain for all fueh commodilies as are imponed
froml~e Wefi Indies in lhe galleons.
INDUS, a large river of Afia, whichrifes in themoun·
tains whieh feparate Tanary from India, and dif·
charges ilfelf inlo lhe India ocean.
INERTIA of PIIa//u, in philofophy, is defined by Sir
lfaae Newton to be a paflive principie by which bodies
perfia in Iheir mOlion or refl, rmive motion in pro·
poniun 10 th! force i01llrCffing il, and refi1 as mu:h
as they are refifled. lt is alto defioerl by th~ lame
~uthor lO be a power implanted in all maller, whcreby
I! refias any ehange endcavoured lO be'Olade io ill (late.
See MEcHAN,es.
INfALLIBLE, fomelhiog that caOOOI err, or be decei.
ved.
One of the great eonlroverfies between lhe Proteo
Hants and Papifls, is the infallibililY which Ihe la!ler
allribule tO the pope j lhough, in faél, they lhemftlm
are not agreed on lhat head; fome plaeiog Ihi! prelend•
ed infallibility in the pope and a general counci!.
INF~MY, in law, is a term which exteods to forgery,
perJury, grofs eheals. Oc. by whieh a' perfon is ren.
dered ioeapable of báug a wilnefs or juror, eveo lho'
he is pardooed for his crimes.
INfA T, denotes a young child. See MIDWtfE RY,
and MEtlICINE.
INFANTE, and INrANT~, all lhe fons aod daughlers
of lhe kings of Spaioaod Portugal, except Ihe elddl ;
the princcs beiog ealled infaOles, aod lhe priocelJ'es io.
fantas.
INFANTRY, in rnililary afhirs, deooles the whole
body of fool·foldim.
INFECTION, amoog phyfieians. See CONTAC tON.
INFEFTMENT, io S~OIS law, the folemnilY of the
delil'ery of ~o herelable fubj cél lO lhe purehafcr. See
LAw, tit. 10.
INFINITE, that whieh has neilher begioning nor end:
in whieh fenfeGod alone is infioite.
lnfinite is alfo ufed to fignify lhat whieh has had a
beginning. but will have noend, as angels and human
fouls. This makes what lhe fehoolmen eall ilrftlli/um
a par/( poj/; as, on lhe eootrary, by injni/um apar/(
011/(, they meao lhat which has ao eod but had 00 be·
ginniog.
INFtN ITE ctUANT ITIES . Thevery ideaof magoiludes
iofinitely great, or fuch as exceed any aflignable quan·
tilies, does inelude a negalion of limils : yet if we
nearly examine this notioo, \Ve (hall fiod th.t fueh
magnitudes are not equal aOlong lhemfelves, bUl thal
Ihere are really, befides inGnite length and infioite area,
three feveral fort of iofinile folidilY; all of whichare
qual//i/a/(Jfui gmuiJ, apd lhat lhofe of eJch fpecies
are io giveo proportions.
Infioite lenglh, or a line infinilelyloog, is to be con·
fid ered either as beginning at a point, and fo infinilely
eXlended one way, or e1fe bOlh ways from Ihe fame
poinl j io which cafe lhe one, which is abegioning iJlo
fi nilY, is lhe one half of lhe whole, which is lhe fum
or the beginniog and ceafiog infinitYj or, as may be
faid, of infinilY a par/( al/U and a par/( poj/, whicb
is aoalogous to clernily io lime and duralion, in which
there is always as much lO follolV as is pall, from any
point or momenl of time j nor dOlh Ihe 2ddition or
fubdu8ion of finile lenglh, or fpace of lime, alter lhe
eafe either in infinilY or elernily, fince bOlh lhe one or
Iheolher cannot be any pa'l of lhe whole.
INFINITESI~fALS, among malhemalicians, are defi·
ned to be iofioitely fmall quantities.
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