1000000030

A N

ferved on lhe 15lh of July, in honour OfSI James lhe.

greater, fon of Zebedee.

Epijil.

JAM ES , a canonical book of lhe New Te–

lIament, being the fidl of lhe catholic or general e–

piflles ¡ which are fo callea,

nOI being written tO

oroe, but tO feoeral Chriai. n churches.

JAMES TOWN , once the capilal of VIrginia in America,

and of James·country, filumd in a peninfula on the

Donh fide of J. mes, or Pauhalan river, io W, Ion,

76° 30', N. lal. 37° 3

n',

JANEIRO, a province of BraziJ, in Couth America, G–

lualed between 44° aod 49° ofW. Ion, and between

the tropic of capricorn aod

~2°

of S. lat,

JANICAW, orJANOWITS, alownofBohemia, Gtualed

fony.five miles fOUlh.eaa of Prague.

JANIZARIES, an order of lhe Turkilh inCantry, repu–

ted the grand fignior's guards, and the maio IIrenglh

of lhe Oltoman army,

JANSENISTS, iR church.hillory, a cea of the Rormo·

calholics in France, who followed lhe opinions of Jao–

feoius, bilhop of Ypres, and doaor of divinity of the

uoiverfities of Louvaio aod Douay, io relalioo to grace

and predellinalion,

lo the ym 1640, the lWO univerfities jufl meotion–

ed, and particularly father Molina and father Leooard

Celfus, thought fit to condemn the o¡inions of lhe Je–

fuits on grace and free·will. Thi. baving Cet the

controverry on foot, JanCenius oppoCed to the dotlrine

of the Jefuits the (enliments of St Augufline, and

wrOle a treatiCe on grace, which" he entided Augulli–

nus. This treatife was anacked by the Jefuits, who

accufed Janfenius of maiotaining dangerous aod here–

tical opinioos¡ and aflerwards io 1642, obtained of

pope Urban VIlI, a formal condemnation of the trea–

tife wrOle by Janfenius: when the partifans of Janfe–

nius

g..

e OUt that Ihis bull was fpurioos, aod compo·

fed by a perCon entirelydevoled 10 Ihe Jefuils. Afler

the dealh of Urbao VIII. Ihe aIFair of JanfeniCm be–

gan 10 be more warmly coolrovemd, and gave birth

tO an infinile number of polemical wrilings conceroing

grace; and whal occafioned fome minh, was Ihe lides

which each party gave 10 lheir wrilings: one wriler

publi!hed, The lorch of SI Auguflin, anolher found

fnuffm for St Augullin's lorch, and falher Veroo

formed a gag for lheJanfenifl$,

&c,

In Iheyear 1650,

fi Xly eighl bi!hopsof France fubfcribed alener 10 pope

innocenl

ro oblain an enquiry into, and condem–

nalion of Ihe five follow'ng propofilions, eXlratled

{rom Janfenius's Augullinus:

Sorne of God's como

mandments are impolliole lO be obferved by lbe righ–

teous, even lhough they eodeavour Wilh all Iheir

powtr lO accompltlh them,

II,

In lhe llale of cor–

rupled Mlnre, I'e are' incapable of refining inward

grace.

III,

Merit and demeril in a (Iale of corrupled

nature, does nOI depeod on a liherly which excludes

necellilY. hUlon a liberly which

exc!ud<~

conflr.•inl,

IV The femipdagians ,dmiued lhe nml!ily of ln

inward preveoliog grace (, r lhe performanct of each

parliculara{l . even fonh ·

he~inninr.

orfailh . bur lhey

w"e herelics i'n tnJinrain:ng lbal rhis grace was offuch

oalure, lhal lhe will of

man

w.s ahlc tilher to

reGll

A P

or o.bey i.!.

fem~pelagianifm

10 fay, lhal l eCu,

Chnfl dled. or

Ihed

hls blood, for all maokiod in ge.

l"\eraJ.

In lhe year 16p, Ihepope appoinled a coogregalion

for examiniog into lhe difpule in relation 10 grace, In

Ibis congregalioo Janfeoius was condemoed, aod lhe

bull of condemnalion, publilhed io May 1653, GIIed

all Ihe pulpilS io Paris Wilh violenl oUlcries and alarms

againfl lhe herefy of lheJanfeni(ls, lo lhe yen 16

56.

pope Alexaoder VII. iffued out aoother bull, in which

he condemoed

Ih~

6ve propofilioos of Janfeoi"!,

However, lhe Janfenills aflirm, thal t'hefe propofilion,

are nOI 10 be found io Ihis book; bUI lhal fome of his

enemies having caufed lhem 10 be prinled on

!hecr,

inferttd Ihem in Ihe book, and lhereby deceived the

pope. Al lafl Clemenl lhe

Xl.

pUl an end 10 Ihe diC–

pUle by his conflilulion of July lhe

17.

1705 ; in

which, afler haviog recilcd lhe conflitulioos of his

predeceffors in relalioo 10 this affair, he declaret,

.. Thal in order 10 paya proper obediente 10 Ihe pa–

" pa! eonllilulioos coocerning lhe prefent que(lion, ir is

" neceffary lO receive lhem wilh a refpeaful fileoce.

Tbe c1ergy of Paris, lhe fame year, approved and ac:

eepled rhis bull, and none dared 10 oppofe it.

This is Ihe famous bull

Unigeni/uI,

C2lJed from

ilsbeginoiog wirh lhe words

UnigenituI

Dti

Filiul,

&e.

which has occaJioned fo mucb coofufion io Fraoce,

] ANUAR

in ehrooology, the fi'/fI moorh of lbe year,

fo called from Janus, one of Ihe aneient Romao deiliel

paillled Wilh two faces; one whereof was Cuppofed10

look lowards the oew year, aod Ihe olber lowards lhe

cid,

JAPAN, or

iJlan¡h

ofJAPAH,

are filumd belweeO 130'

and 144° of E, loo, aod belweeo 30. aod 40°

lal.

JAPANNlNG, Ihe HI of varni!hing and drawiDg

fi–

gures 00 wood,

&c,

io Ihe maooer as is done by Ihe

oalives of Japan,

Themelhod of preparing woods for japanning is as

follows.

Take pla(lmr's fize, diffolve il over lhe

fire, and mix il with whiting 6nely powdered tiJl il i.

of a good body, bUl 001 100 Ihick.

~ , By

meaos of

IIrong brulh, lay your work over wilh Ibe fomler

mixlure; and lening il dry very well, repeal lhis liJl

Ihe wood is perfellly plain, or lhe pores and crevim

fufficieotly filled up ; aod when il is lhoroughly dry,

rub lhe IVork over Wilh a IVel rag lill it is rendercd

[moolh as poffible : lhis work is c.lled wmr.plaining,

3. Afler lhis, walh over Ihe work Wilh Ihe

I~icke~

of Ceed·IAc varnilh liJl il is lery Cmoolh, leltlng It

(Iand lO dry

bet\~en

every walhiog. 4' In a day or

!\VO'S lime, you may varoilh it over Wilh bl.. k ..

whalever olher colour you deGgn; and when It

dry, finilh il by polio.inC' See lhe article VA

RN1SH.

Afler Ihe fa me manner carved figures are lO

primed ; alfo flames, cabinets, fI,nd$, lea·rabies,

&c,

fav ing Ihal

lheC~

are nOl lObe p,,!ilhed, and lhere(,'re

do nOl require fo grenl a body of varnil'h · ' Ul for Ihe

IOpS of tabb, box(s,

(¡des

of cabinClS,

whea

Ihe wood is ordinary and rollRh grained, ns

c1~nl O"~,

Ce,

you may' uCe common joinm glue difiulved

waler