1000000030

H E R

HEPATUS, in ichthyology. See LABRUS.

HEPHiESTIA, in Greciao antiquity, an Athenian fcfii·

val, iohonour of Vulcan, lhe ehief cerelllony of which

was a race with torches.

HEPSETUS, in ichthyology. See Esox.

HEPTACHORD, in the aneient

powy,

fignified verres

lhal were fung or played 00 feveo ehords, lhal is, ' on

feveo diff'erenl notes. In this fenfe il was applied to

the Iyre, when it had bUl fe veo firings.

HEPTAGON, in geometry, a figure eonfifling of feven

fides aod as maoy angles.

HEPTANDRIA, in botany. See BOTANY, p. 635.

HEPTANGULll, in geometry, an appellatioo given

10 ngures whieh have feven .ogles.

HEPTARCHY, a goveroment of feveo perfons: alfo a

a fiate or couotry divided into feveo kiogdoms, and

governed by feven iodependenl prinees; in whicl,

fenfe il is partieularly applied to the goveromeot of

fouth Britains when divided among!1 Ihe Saxons.

HEPTATEUCH, the feven firll books of the Old Te·

llameol, eootaioing the pentateueh, or 6ve books of

Mofes, and the books of Jofhua aod Judges.

HEPHTHEMlMERIS, in ancieot poetry, a verfe

eonfifling of tbree feet and ao half. or feveo half fm.

likewife deooles a ca:furaafter the third foot of a

verfe.

HERACLEA, a port-town of Romania, in European

Turky, filuated 00 Ibe Propontis, fixty miles fouth–

. wefl of Cooflaotioople; it was ooee a great city: E.

loog. 28°, and N.lat.

41°.

HERACLEONITES, a fea of chriflians, Ihe followers

of Heracleoo, who refined upon Ihe gnoflic divinilY,

and maintained Ihal Ihe world was nOI the irnmediate

produaioo of tbe Son of God, bUI lhat he \Vas ooly

Ihe occaGonal caufe of il! being created by the demi–

urgus. The Heracleooites deoied lhe authorilY of Ihe

propbecies of!be Old Teflament, maintaining lhat lhey

were mere random fouods io Ihe air; and lhat Sto

Joho Ihe Baptill was lhe ooly true voice Ihal direéled

10 Ibe Melliah.

HERACLEUM, in botany, a genus of Ihe pentaodria

digyoia clafs, lhegeneral flower ofwhich is difform aod

radiated; Ihe Gngle flowers of the dife confifl eaeh

of five equal pmls, but thofe of the radius confifl of

6ve uoequal petals: lhe fruit is eliplic, eomprerred, and

llriated on eaeh Gde in lhe middle, and conlains IWO

oval comprefl'ed feeds. There are five fpedes, ooe of

which,

~iz.

the fphondylium, or cow.parfAip, is a

nalive of Brilain.

HERACLIDJE, or

l/elurn

.¡

Ih!

HP.RACLIDJt

inlo

Prloponmful,

io chronology, a famous epocha, . that

eonflitotes the beginning of

prof.oe

hiflory; all the

time preceding thal period being accounted fabulous.

T~is

return happened in Ihe year of lhe world ,862,

hundr~d

years after Ihey were expelled, aod eighty

after the deflruaioo of Troy.

HERALD, an oflicer at arm5, whofe bufinefs it is to

declare war, to proclaim peace, tO marfhal all the fo–

lemoilies at Ihe coronation, chriflening, marriage, .nd

funeral of prioces, to blazoo aod examine coats of arms,

&c.

E R

Hmlds were formerly held in mueh grcater ellcelll

than they are at prefent, and were created and chri–

llened by lhe king, who pouling a gold-cup of wioe 00

Iheir head, gafe them the herald.name; but this is

now done by the earl·marfhal. They could not arrive

at the dignity of hcralrl wilhout having beeo feven yem

pourfuivant; oor could they quit the oflice of herald,

but to be made king at arms.

HERALDRY, is the

3rt

of armory and blnoning; o,,

the knowledge of what relates to lhe bearing of arms,

aod the laws and regulations thereof.

ArrllJ,

Armori",

are marks of Jignity aod ho–

nour, regularlycompofed of cenainfigures andcolours,

given or authorized by fovereigo" aod borne iobanners,

fhields, com,

&c.

for the diflinaion of perfons, fa–

milies, and flates, 'and palling by defeent to poflerily.

They are called

arml,

in regard they are borne prio–

cipally on the buekler, cuirafl'e, banners, aod other

apparatus of war; and

coalr o[ ¡¡rml, coal·ar»,o.r,

&C.

becaufc aneiently embroidered on a c10ak or habit,

woro by the ancient knights over their arms, both in

lVar aod al tournaments, and flill boroe by the beralds

at arms.

was a kind of furcoat, reachiog only as low as Ihe

navel, opeo at the fides, with fhort Oeeves; fometime,

furred Wilft

"mim

and

vair,

whe/ein were applíed the

armori"

of the knight, embroidered with gold aod

filver, and ename!led with beaten tio, coloured

hlac~,

grun, "d,

and

hlue;

wheoce the rule oever

apply

colour 00 colour, oor metal 00 metal.

Tbe

coall o[ arml

were frequeotly opeo, and diver–

lified witb bands aod fill ets of feveral colours, alter:

oately placed, as we flill fee c10ths fcarleted, watered,

be.

Hence they were alfocalled

device¡

divifil;

and

being divided, or compofed of feveral pieces léwed to–

gether, wheoce the words

fofo,

pa/e, chfvrM, bmd,

crof¡, fa/ltr, /oZtnge,

&c. See thefe articles.

The furcoa! being embroidered with

gG/d

and

ji/ver,

\Vas the occafion that thofe two melals have been fincc

placed in the coalS of arms, uoder their

Frtnch

name

of ., and

¡¡rgenl;

aod their being coloured

blacl,

grun, red,

and

hlue,

that thofe diff'erent colours

have alfo been introduced io them: therefore,

There are two metals in

Hera/dr},

viz,

and

ar–

genl;

and feven colours, which are,

gul", azure,

fo–

hle, verl, p.rpure, ImM,

aod

fanguine.

See thefe

and all the other terms belongiog

heraldry as !bey

occur io theorder of the alphabet.

HERAT, acity of Perfia, io

t~eprovioce

ofChorarran:

E. long.

61°,

and N. lat.

54°

30'.

HERB, in pharmacy, an appellatioo given

lhe flalks

and leaves of plants, efpecially fueh as are flefhy aod

fucculeot, and die away every year; but is alfo frc–

quently ufed 10 de00te the leaves alone.

HERBAL, a book that

treats

of the clafl'es, geoera, fpe–

cies, and vinues ofplants. See BOTANY.

HERBIVOROUS ANIMALS, thofe which feed only 00

vegetables.

HERBOURG, a town in the cirele of the upper Rhine,

and tcrritory of Narr.u: E. Ion. 8°

15',

and N. lat.

50·

36'.

HERCINIAN,