1000000030

H E L

HELLlEA,

in Grecian anliquily, was Ihe grealdl and

mofl frcquenled COUrl in Alhens for Ihe lrial of civil

a{fairs . The judges who fal in il IVere al leafl fifly,

bUllhe more ufual number was eilher llVO or five huno

dred. Whcn

ca~fes

of greal momeol IVere 10 be

tri~d,

il was cuflomary 10 edil in lhe judges of lhe olher

coum: fomelimes

lhoufand were called in , ano lhen

( \Vo

coum are faid 10 have been joined; fomelimes

fi fleen hundred 01¡WO lhoufaod were called io, and

then lhree or four couns mel rogelher.

They had cognizance of civil affairs of lhe grcalefl

weighl and imponance, and were 001 permiued 10

give judgmenl lill Ihey had

ra~en

a folemn oalh 10 do

il wilh impartialilY, and

give fentence according 10

Ihe la lVs,

6&.

HELIACAL, in aflronomy, a lerm applied 10 lhe riGng

or fwing of lhe flars; or, more flriétly fpeakíng, 10

lheir emerGon OUl of, and immerfioo iOlO, Ihe rays aod

{uperíor fplendor of lhe fun.

llar is faid 10 rife heliacally, wheo afler haviog

been in cor.junétion witb Ihe fu

0.,

and on Ihal accounl

invifible, il comes 10 be al fuch'a di¡¡ance from hím, as

to be feen io lhe morning before fun·rifi ng ; Ihe fun,

by his apparenl mOlioo, receding from lhe nar lowards

Ihe eafl : on the conl¡'dlY, lhe heliacal feuing is wheo

the fuo approachcs fo near a llar, as 10 hide il wilh

his beams, which preveol .Ihe fainler lighl of Ihe nar

írom being perceived; fo lhal lhe lerms apparilion and

occullalion would be more proper than rifing and ftt·

ting

HELIANTHEMUM, in botany, fee the aniele CIS·

TU S,

HELlANTHUS,

Ih( Crfal

SUN' FLOWH, in botany,

a genus of lhe fyogenefia polygamia fruflranea claCs.

The receplacle is paleaceous aod plaoe; lhe pappus

confifls of IWO leaves; and Ihe calix is imbricaled aod

fquarrcus. There are twelve fpecies, nooe of them

nalives of Brilain.

HELlASTES, in anliquily, one of the judges of the

court helia:a. Sce HtLliEA.

HELICTERES, lhe

SREW·TREE,

in botany, a geou!

of lhe gyoandriadecandria d aCs.

bas 6ve flyli ; Ihe

calix con

Gil

s of one oblique leaf; lhe pelals are five;

Ihe oeétarium confifls of nve fmall leaves; and it has

6ve lwifled capfules. There are four fpecies, nooe

Ihem natives of Brinin.

HELIOCARPUS, in bOlany, a genul of Ihe dodecan·

dria digyoia clars. The

~alix

confifls of four leaves;

Ihe pmls are four; Ihe lIyli are fimple; and Ihe cap·

[ule confills of IWO comprdl'ed

cell~,

radialed 00 each

fide o There is but one fpecies, a nalive of America.

HELIOCENTRIC

la/ilude

a plan(l,

the inclina·

lion of a linc drswn between lhe cenlre of lhe fun aoJ

Ihe center of a planet, to the plane of Ihe ecliplic.

}IELIOC ENTRIC

plaa

a plaml,

allronomy, lhe

place of Ihe ecliplic wherein Ihe plane! would appear

10 a fpeélalor placed al Ihe centre of lIle fun.

HELIOCOMETES , aphreoomeooD fomelimes obferved

aboul Cun Cetting; being a large luminous lai!. or co,

l umo of liglll, proccediog from tbe body of lhe fun,

H E L

and dragging after il, not wi:ike Ibe lail

a come!;

whence Ihe name.

HELlOSCOliE, io oplics, a fOil of lelefcope, pecu–

lidrly fitttd for vicwing Ihe fUII WilhoUl huniog lhe

eyes.

HELlOSTATA, io oplics,

ioflrument ioveoled by

ll,e lale learoed Dr

Gravéf.lOde; who gave il lhis

n;¡me, from liS fixing, as ii were, lhe rays of lhe fun

in anhorizonlal direétioo acrofs Ihe dark chamber

lhe while il is iti ufe.

HELIX, in analomy. See ANATOMY, p.

29 8.

HSL

IX, in zoology, a genus ilelongiog 10 Ihe order

yermes lellacea.

is an animal of Ihe fnail.kiod

the thell conriíls of one fpiral, brilde, and almofl dial

phanous valve; aod Ihe apcrture is narrow. There

are

fpecies,

priocip~lIy

dlllingui/hcd by Ihe figure

of lheir thdls.

HELL, lbe place of divine punithmeot aflerdwh.

As all reJigions have fuppoCed a fUlure lIale of ex.

illéoce afler Ihis life; fo all have their hell or place of

tOrmen!, in which Ihe wicked are fuppofed to be PUl

ni/hed. The hell of lhe ancieot healheos \Vas di,ided

inlo lWO manGoos; the ooe called e1yfium, 00 lbe

righl haod; pleaCanl aod delighlful, appointed for Ihe

foul s uf good meo; lhe olher called lartara, 00 the

lefl, a region of milery aod 10lmenl, appoinled for lhe

wicked. The lalter only IVas hell. io lBe prefeot re.

llrained fenCe of lbe word. 8ee ELYSIUM.

The philofophers were of opioion, Ihat tbe ioferoal

regions were at an equal dillance from alllhe pans

Ihe eanh; oevenhelefs il was the opinioo of fome,

lhal Ihere were cemio pa/Tages whicb led thilher, a.

Ihe river Lelhe

~ear

lhe Syrles, and !he Acberufiaa

cave in Epirus. A! Hermione il was thought, tha!

there was a very thOIl way 10 hell; fOI wlÍich reafon

the people of lhal

~ounlry

never pUl lhe fare ioto the

mOlllhs of the dead 10 pay tbeir pall'age.

The Jews placed hell in tbe cenlre of the

mtb,

and believed il to be filua!ed uoder waten aod mouo'

tains• •Accordiog

them, there are lhree pa/Tage.

leading 10 it: Ibe 6rll is in ¡he wilderoefs, aod by

Ihal Korah, Dalhao and Abiram defceoded inlo heU;

Ihe fecood is in the fea, becaufe Jooah, who was

Ihrown iOlO Ihe fea, cried !o God OUl of lhe belly of

hell; Ihe lhird is in JeruCalem. becauCe il is faid the

fire of lhe Lord is io Zioo, and his fllroace is io Je.

rufalem. Tbey likewiCe

ac~oowledged

feven degrees

of pain io hell, becaufe Ihey find lhis place called by

fevendi[erenl names in fcriplure. Though Ibey be·

lieved lhal inndels, and perfons eminently wicked, will

conlinue fo r ever in hell; yel lhey mainlained, lhu

every

Jew

wbo is nOI infeéled wilh fome herefy, and

has nOI aéted conlrary 10 Ibe pOiOIS meolioAed

lbe

rabbins, \ViII nOl be punithed Ihereio for aoy olbe!

crimes above a year al moll.

The Mahomelans believe Ihe eteroilY ofrewards aod

punithmeo!s in aoolher life. lo Ihe Kora" il is faid,

tbal hell has fevrn gales, Ihe firll fOI Ihe Mu/Tulmans,

Ihe Cecond fOI the Chrilliaos, Ihe lhird for lhe Jews,

Ihe fourlh for the Sabiaos, lhe 6flb for !he Magians,

¡~e