1000000030

E T

ó c &rollnci widl its "inss

t~:p,Ir.~~J,

as if it ll.1d been

'",'r, a,ld ",'.'re Jr)'ing ilfelr.

E.iT

.'~n:,

1.11\',

fi¡:lIir"s the tide or ¡merdl that

pali," has in I,otls,

te~emenlS,

or other cfl':,q"

Esr \T ¡s, in a Flllitieal

f,of~,

is IIfco filher

de–

note the 1I'''lillion, of lome prinee. or thc gener.1

cI, l~

fes ir.t? '1 hich the pe0ple are dividcd,

Brit.in

, the <Ihtts

¡re

the

!,inn,

lorJ!, nnd rom–

mons; Or ral hrr the lords and ccruruo"' , wh"

m~ct :h~

king in padi'llIcnt, fllr reformin,) abures,

"nd

enJ,1ing

guod "nd wholefome la\\'s.

ELSFTE', in heraldl)', denotes the hcads of bcans

tOl noff b)' main force. See ARACH E' ano ERAsen .

ESTHER, a canonic"1 book of the Old Telbment,

eootaioing the hillory of a JcwiJh virgin, dwellillg wit"

her uncleMordeeai nt Shulhan, in the reignof Ah"fu –

erus, one of the kings of Perlia,

ESTOILE'E, or CROSS ESTo rLLE'E , in

h~r"ldr)',

nar lI'ilh ooly fou l long ra)'s in forlll of a erofs; ancl ,

"ecordin~ly,

broad in the centre, and tcrminating in

Olarp points.

ESTON IA, a pro"ince fubjlél tO Ruflia, on the no;'th of

l.i"onia.

ESTR_'\.Y, in

I>lv,

any b..

cot wild that is found with–

io alorcllhip, aod owneJ by

n~oody,

ESTH EMADURA, a provinec of Spain, boundcd by

Leon, on the nor th; by the til'O Caniles, on the ean ;

by Andalufia, on the fouth ; and by the provinec of

Alentejo, in PonuRal, on the wd!.

ESTRHIADU RA is alfo a provinee of Portugal, Iying

non,t of Alewjo, and lI'enw,rd of SpaniOI EOrema–

dura, Liroon is its capital, as alfo of the kiogdom.

ESTRE~IOS,

a tOwn of Alentejo, in Ponugal, eighty–

five miles fouth e"n nf Lilbon,

ETCHING, a

OI~thod

of engraviog oneopper, in whieh

tbe lines or nrokes, inflead of being cut with a tool 9r

gr"ver, are ealen in with aqulfonis.

Etehing is uone wi.h more eafe and expcdition th2n

engra,'ing: it reqllircs few('T ioOrul1l,ms, and rerre–

fents molt k:od of fubjec1s bel:er aod o\(lre

a~rm¡'le

to,"ature, as landfeapes, rui"" &rounds, anu all fmall,

f'lOt, Inofe, remote objeéls, budJ.ngs,

See

E ~ CRAVINC,

The

mtthod cf etuhing is as fullows : Chur, the

coprerp'ate as dire;led forenlr2ving, anTi furnilh )'ollr–

f~lf

ú h a piece of crovod, tied cp in a bi t 0r.'¡lin

filk ,

k~pt

"ery cien tObe J.,;d uron the plate, l'Iilen

bOlh Ime been w. r:neJ; prnrern({dles,

h,lteh

wir~

the ground; a peoeil or hr'IO"

tO wipe all'ay the

bus of ground \Vhie!1rife .ftu ils hatuhiog ; " pobO"'r ;

t~vo

Or til ree gm'ers; a

r.ir

of eomp.IiT",

me,furc

dlO.nees and draw eireles ; a ruler,

hareh IIr"i&h t

lioes; greenWlX, lOmakc the IV:dl round Ihe crigt'S

Ih~

plate, tOeonuio

th~

.qu;fonis; an oi l-lIollc;

~ottl(

cf aqllafortls' rome r

bd, ro eolcur the

batklideof the eopy ; ,'lIi:I, artl, hand-,·ier.

hold

Ihe

plu~

O"cr the e.odlt ,

See

Nr.lnLL, CRAV¡R,

POI.ISUER , CO'lrAsl, 6r,

To make ,he ground,

t.kc

three Ollnrr, of af"h::I–

tunl, t.,o ounees uf clean rofio, Idf all

IItlore

of !lllr–

&IIody-pitc!!,

t!H~C

ouoees of

l,I.,,_J:

'.V,I", ;¡n"

t!" ,~

E T

oCllm of

, ir::¡n-\"a~:

let all Ih&

OIchtJ in n

ele.!O ""hern JI'pki,1 orer .

0011'

firr, lIili io¡: il , lIlhe

lime

with

l¡uJII !lid, ; ir it bllrn 10 the h'lIlOlI1, it io,

{poil,c, After

I!I'!

ingrcdiellt! are

\VdI mdled,

. nd It

boils IIp, put il in'oa p"1I of (,Iir water; ami before it

'Iuite enld ,

1.(>"

i, 0111, and roll it into fm, lI lumps

to be kel't from "dI: this &,ound is what others

,,11

tlle ramilh, Thc

ne~t

thing 's tOcleao Ihe plate tOrc–

eeire the grouod: take a piree of Ilning, roll it up as

hig as ao ege, tic it "ery tight, ro as tomal:e it a rllb–

bcr; and having droppcd a {inall qllantity of fweet oil,

and added

liule powder of rolten Oone on the pla",

rub it \\ith this ball, till it will almoO Ihe", your faee,

Then wipe it all off with

elcan rag ; and after th. t_

make it quite dry wilh "oother cle'lI

ras

and a li:t1e

line whiteoing,

T he nex' thing is to layen,he rarniO, ; tOdo which

ari~:1t

you mull take a 11,lIId-l'ie(, ond lix it at the

middle of one part of ,he

plat~,

with a piere of paper

bcr"ccn the teeth of the han"-vice and the piate, to

prevent Ihe marks of the tceth: then laying the plate

on a ehalling-dilh, ",ith a fm a!1charcoal fire in it,

¡j,1

the plate

e (o hot Ih. t,

fpiuir.g on the back-fide,

the wtl lI'ill Sy off: rull Ihe rlm ",i,h the grcund ti–

(d I:p in fi lk, 111 it be covP.Ttd a!1 orer; . nd . ft er Ihat

daub

Ih~

plate with a piece

e"non \lTapped up in

filk, till the grounJ be quite fmooth, keepillg the plote

a linle

w~rm

all the time. The varnilh heing thus

finoothed upon the plate, it mull be blaeked intht fol–

lo",inS manner : t"ke a thick tallow caoole dl, t

burn~

elear, ",i,h a OIOTI fn uff ; and having driven tWo

nail~

ioto the w. II, tO

Ict

it rel! upon , pbce Ihe plate

again(~

the Wll! with the varniO, fide ¿own" ard, and

t.ke

enre

nOt to tOlIeh rhe

~rou nd

with )our fiogers: then ta–

king

t h~

eand!c, apply the nanle 10 ,he varoifh as

do(~

as p01ble, witheut tOllching the "aroiOI "';th the rnlllr

of the randlc, "nJ gllide the name all O\'er it, til! it be–

eOOle perfdlly bl,ek, Alter this is done, lod t!:eplatc

clrr,

"le

delirn is tr"ed wid, • needle thrOll¡;b the

,'a;nin" aud

rim or ¡'or¿cr of wax is raif,d rOllnd

the eirclln:fcrtnec of the ,,1m; and th," Ihcanin has

eO'I~ofition

of eomOtonrarniOl and lamp-blacl:, made

rery thin, "here",ith he corers the p,lrts that are not

tObe bimn, by means of a

h.il

'- pencil. Aod he is e–

rery no'v aoJ ,heneover;lIg or IIncorerine this Or tha!

rm of Ihe defign, as

OC~

2r.OO

o\.ly require; the con–

dna of the aqn"fon:l bcing the principll coneern, Oa

which ,he

e;T,'lt

of the print very mn.:h

dtp~ods

TI::

np(r,¡("r mnl! be attcnti"e

the ground, tlt,t it does

not

fail in an)' p"I'T, anu where it does to Oop up tb

1'J."c with,Ihe

~oove

eompoliti0n_

Th~

p!l:C is dcC"od –

ud from the aqu.fonis eveey whcre, but in the lines

(\í

Intch::s

C~lt t:H(lllgl~

il Wilh

lhe nccdil!,

lhroll~!l

",hieh the WJtu eJl! lOTO the c"pper to Ihe Jep,h re–

qnircd;

r,'",cll\~erillr.

I:eepit I!irring \Vith a

f~ather

all ,he

hile; which danz, it is

be poureJ of¿

a~"in,

Single

'~":Ifonis

is I\lon cO'unton )' ufeJ; anel if it

ln()

Orlll1;;.

nI;X

ir wi ,h

\·i:h'b~r,

olhc!r\\íre

wil(

m,,~"

the lVork ,'cr)' h:lrd:

~"J, fometil\l~1

break "p

t:;_

~;ol::; I :

tI.:

,Il"lf.);, ~ .I J\I"~ J:,]~

liS pan,

tllt!

~rf'::nJ