1000000030

lalion wnuld Iry IVhclher a li,iril fuperior to that of

trcacle mal' not be procured (rom the rob o( malt,

prudently prepared ano (ermented. S.e CHHtI s–

Dlsr' NCT BASE , in opties, is that diOance (rom the

poleo( aconVeK

~Ia(s,

in IVhieh objel'!s beheld throu¡:h it

appm dillin,q anO \Vel! deferibed; (o th,t it is

thel.me

wllh the fueus. See OPTI cs.

DlSTlNCTION, in logie, is an all'.mhlage o( tIVO or

more words, IVhereby di(pame things, or their con·

eeptions. are denoled.

DlSTORTION. in medicine, a eontral1ion o( one fide

the moulh. oec. lioned by aeonvulfion o( the muf·

eles o( one fide o( the (aee: and it is likeIVi(e ufed to

denote any part of an animal body when it is ill pla–

ced or ill (,,·oured.

DISTRESS, in Seots law. When a perCon makes payo

ment o( a debt not volunmily, but in obedience lO

k–

gal diligence. he is (aid lOhare paid in dinreCs.

DI STRIBUTION, in printing, the taking a (orm a(uo–

der. Ceparating Ihe lenm, and diCpofing them in the

caCes again, eaeh in ils proper box. See PRINTING .

DISTRI CT, io geography, a pan o( a provioee, diC·

tinguilhed by' peculiar magiOrates, Or

cen.io

privileges,

in IVhieh Ceo(e it i, Cynonymous with huodred. See

HUNDRED .

DlSTRINGAS, in law, a IVrit commanding the filerill',

or other oflicer, that he diOrain a perCon (or debt tO

the king,

&c.

or (or his appearance at a certaind.y.

DI STRINGAS JURATOUS, a IVrit direl1ed to the Ihe·

riff, whmby he is commanded to diOrain upon ajury

tO appear, and to return ill'ues on Iheir lands, &c. (or

non·appearanee. This wtit of dillringas juratores if–

Cues (or the Iheriff tO nave their bod,e, in eourt,

&c.

at the relurn o( the IVrit.

DITHYRAMBUS, in aneient poetry, a hymn in ha–

nour o( Baechus, full of tran(port and poetical rage.

DITONE, in mufic, ao interval comprehending two

tones. The proponion o( the Cound! that (orm the

ditone is 4: 5, and that of the (emiditone is 5: 6.

DITRIHEDRIA, in minmlogy, a senusof (pars with

twiee three fides, or fi x planes, being formed o( two

trigonal pyramids joioed baCe to ba(e, IVithout aoy in–

termediate column .

See

SPAR.

The Cpecies o( dilrihedria are diOinsui/hed by the

different figures o( theCe pyramids.

DlITANY. in botany. See DICTA"NUS.

DJITO, uCually wrinen DO, in bookso( aeeoums, an

Italiao word, figni(ying the

_[orementioned.

DlVAL, in heraldry, the herb nightlhade, u(ed by fueh

as blnon byftolVm and herbs, inOead o( eolours and

metals, (or (able. or block.

DIVALLlA. See ANG ERONALIA.

DIU, a liule ifiand and town on the coa

of Guzurat, in

the hither India, andCubjel'! to Portusal: E. long.

69°,

.Iat. 21

¡'.

Dr u i. alCo a town o( Bulgaria, upon the Danubc.

DIVAN, a coune,l·chambcr, oreourt o( JuOiee, amons

the eaOcrnnalions, p.1rtlcularly theTurk•.

DIVAN'BE CH1, lhe fu¡>criotendJot of junice in PerGa,

whoCe

pl.ce

is the laOof lhe fix miniHers o( the fe·

eond rank, IVho are all undet the atll<OIadaulcr, orfirfl

R,inincr. To this tribunal of the divan.beshi he ap'

peals (rom Cr:ntences pafi'ed by lhe sovernors: he has a

lixeo nipeno o( 5°,000 crolVns (or adminiHrinsjufiiee:

all tI,e

Icrj~aOls,

ulhers,

&c.

of the COUr!, are in h"

(ervicc: he lakes eognizanee of the criminal caufes of

lhe chams, goyernors, and other great lords of Perfia,

when accuCed o( any fault. There are divan.beshis

not onlyat eourt and in the eapilal, but al

in thepro·

vinees and other cities o( the empire. The alcorao

is the fole rule o( his adminiOration o( juOiee, which

alCo be interprels at plea(ure. He lakcs no eognizanee

o( civil ,"u(es, but all dill'erenees arifing bwvccn the

oflieers of the king's hou/hold, and belweeo foreigo mi·

niOers, are determined by him.

DIVANDUROW, the name of

yen ifiands which lie

a ¡eague nonh o( the Maldives, and twemy.(our froOl

the coan o( Malabar, almoO oppofite to Cananor.

DIVER, in orhilhology. See COLY MBUS.

DlVERGENT,orDI VERG ING LINES, in geometry,

are lho(e whieh conlhndy reeede (rom eaeh olher.

DI VERGENT RAYS, io opties, are thoCe IVhieh goiog

(rom a point o( the vifible objel1, are diCperCed, and

continually depan one from anolher, in proportion as

lhey are removed from the objea: in whlch (enCe it i,

oppoCed tO convergent. See ÜPTICS.

DJVERSJON, in military alfairs, is, when an enemy is

auacked in one place where Ihey are weak and unpro·

vided, in order to draw off their (orces from another

place where they have made or inlend tO make an ir·

ruption. Thu. the Romaos had no other way in their

po\Ver of driving Hanibal out o( 11aly, but by making

adiverGon in attaek,ng Canhage.

DI VESTlNG, or DIVESTITURE, in law, i. u(ed for

theal1 o( (urrendering one'seffel1s.

DIVIDE D, in arithmet;e, the number propo(ed to be

divided iota equa! pam. See ARI'rH"ETIC.

DIVI DE ND o[

¡hd"

is a /hare or proponion o( the in·

,eren o( Ilocks erel1ed on publie (unds, as Ihe laulh·

Cea,

&c.

di"ided among and paid tO the ad.enture!!

hal( yr:arly.

DIVJ ATION, the knowledge o( thingsobCeure, or

fu–

ture, \Vhieh cannot be attained byany natural mean•.

\Vas a reeeived opinion among lhe healheos, !hat

the gods IVere wont to eonverCe (amiliarly \Vilh Come

men, whomlhey endowed with extraordinary powers,

and admimd to Ihe kno\Vlcdsc of their eouneils ¡od

defigns. PIdiO, AriHotle, Plutareh, Cicero, aod othen,

dIVide di.ination imo t\Vo Cons or fpecics,

viz.

natu–

ral and arllficial. The (ormer IVas

called, beeauCe

nOt atlained byany rules or preeepts of art, but in(u(cd

or inCpired iOlo the diviner, withoUl his takinganr (ur·

ther eare about it, than tOpuri(y and prepare

~Jln~d(

for the reception o( the d..ine .IR'1US. O( tllI. kmd

were al! IhoCe who delivered or.lelcs, anJ foretolJ (u·

ture event, by in(prr.,rion, withoUl obCen ing

e~leroal

Ggns or accideOls. ThcCeeond Cp,ri<s o(

dl.inatl~n

W¡S

caller! artifiei••I, becauCe it IVH nnt obtained by 'OI01C'

.tiate in(nir;ttion, but wa' lhe

enc~

o( experience¡nd

•

obferv¡uon.