1000000030

380 / 1042

D A 432 D A
be j')qicb, gil ing fire Wilh necl, nOI fermeming
I·,ilh acid meollruullls, Ccmely calcinable by any de·
!'ree of lire, and 01' oue r,mplc "nu pel lll"UCOI appear·
.Ioce io all "ghls.
This is Ihe mon l'ahJ.lblc anrl har<l~n of all gems ;
,n,1 1hnugh fonndof dilTeleOl lh.lpes, anrl fOlUelioles ac·
",I:ol,lI vliogerl lofeve,,1 el)lours, yel (ver carrirs lhe
l.",,! dllitn~llllhin;: c1maltcrs, and is l'efy evideodyio
.,lI lhol;' n,lleS Ihe fame body. 11is, wheopnre, pero
HUyde" aod pdlueid aS ,lhe pnrelt waler, aoJ is c·
"Iiu~ody diltinguillled from all odler fnbnaoces, by ils
Ii"id Cpleodor, ao,! Ihe brightnefs of ils relleaioos.
!I is eXlremely varions io lIl.lpe aod r,u, being fouod
iO) Ihe orealeH quantilYvery fmall, aod Ihe largerooes
cXlrem~ly fddom mel wilh; the largen diamood cero
taioly koowo e,er 10 have beeo fOllOO is that 10 Ihe poC.
Cellion of theCreal Mogul, which weighs 279 Caralt,
"ud is eomrllleu to be wonh 779,244 1.
T ite diamond has eerrainlyooc proper and delermi·
oale fi"u re, imo which il nalurally mull coorrete,
II'hen ;'1 a !tate of rdl aod impeded by no olher ac·
cideol io ils formalioo! the true figure theo is ao
equilaleral otlohedroo i aod wh.ere.ever it .has
led io a perfea maooer, aod WllhOUl aoy lnlerrupuog
m idems, it has always form(d idClf imo Ihis figure;
"od ofleo io Ihis its Cm ral furfms are as bri~ht as if
polillled by an : bUI, as io comOI'lOfalt, though ils
li~\lfc be pyramidal, yel very eafy aceidents cao de·
wmioe il iOIO cubes aod parallellopipeds ; fothe dia·
mond Itas ufleo, io Ihe nate of Cormalioo, beeoIhrowo
iOlo tlVO olher ligures, bOlh alCo Ceemiog regular ones;
lhe ooe a prifmalie eolumnar one of fix angles fome·
whar emulaliog Ihe figure of crynal, Ihe olher an ob·
long quadrilaleral eolllmn wilh 111'0 truoeated ends:
lhefe leemIhe only regular figures of Ihis gem; bU[
befideslhefe, il is every day fouod io numberlefs other
misO¡apen forms, oflenrouodilh, emulaling Ihe Ihape
of pebbles, but full of fmall Hal plaoes or faces; freo
queotly oblong, very ofleo Oat, and as ofleo lapering,
eilher fromone end IDIhe other, or el fe Crom Ihe
middle to bOlh ends. A diamond bears Ihe force of
Ihe nrongen fire, excepl lhe conceOlraled Colar rays,
wilboul hun ; aod mn thal iofioilely fierceH of all
hres doesil no injury, unlefsdireaed10ilsweaker pans.
Ir is a commoo Ihiog for di.moods l~ be 100 Ihick
or dcep for Ihe eKtenl of Iheir furface, and Ihere is
a cemin proponion of deplh, beyond which Ihe gem
Olould oul be allowed: in Ihis caCe 111'0 diamoods are
ofleo , byIhe regularly dividing ooe : Ihis, wheo
Ihe mars is of ao angular figure, is done by eUlling
il Ihrough with a wire, wemd wilh oil, ao<l eovmd
wilh JiamooJ·powder; bUI io Ihe Ocl or more como
mon marr s, il is done much more expediliouOy by
fi ndiop, Ih" graln of Ihe llooe, and imro.!ueing Ihe
poinl ¿f a fioe lIat l~lirrd bellVeeo Ih(m. This ¡; nOl
Ihe o,¡ly ui', uf Ihe f¡"miog; for wheo a diamond IMS
" JI l'.'·' ()f LkOli!hioil, whith grcady u,bafls liS " Iue,
ti,!; p!.I:lS nuy be flp\fal.d al a rtupcr brl'.ldlh, aod
tI,e ·/ rto\o1vd; in I/hich c.lfe Ihe tllinn" elull ,
ft ruck orr, ii uf in rrc'l'urllcn 10 ils li7.e, alld
lile r'lI\ I;r.d« , b:io~ OV.V Irecd frolll ils 0.1"', is of
much more value than il was al firn. The places
Il hence we llave Ihe diamonds are Ihe Ean·lndies, in
Ihe iOaod of Borneo, and in the kingdoms of Vifa.
pour, Goleooda, Hengal i aod Ihe Hrazils inlheWen•
Indies. They are nOI unfrequeody fouod )'cllowilh,
blueilh, aod reddilh, bUI more rarely greenilh.
Va/llal'M .1 DI AMONDS, amoog jewellers, is Ihus cal·
eulated! Ihey fuppore Ihe value of a rough diamond
10 be 21. per caral; Iheo lO find Ihe value of Ihofe
of glcaler weighl, Ihey muhiply Ihe fquare of Iheir
weiglH by 2, aod Ihis lan produa is the nlue of Ihe
diamonds io their rough nale: Ihus, the value of a
rough diamond weighing 4 carm, is equal 4X4
X2=16X2= 32 1. and Co in olher cafes. Again, 10
fiod Ihe value of wroughl diamonds, Ihey fuppofe half
Iheir weighl Ion in the manufatluring them, and lhere·
fore muhiply Ihe Cquare of double their weight by 2;
Ihus Ibe value of a wroughl diamond, weighing 3 Clr·
rals, is cquaI6X6X2=;6X2=pl.
Rife· DIA MONDis Ihal quile Hal uoderneath, wilh iu
upper pan CUI in divers lillle faces, uCually lriangles,
Ihe upperOlon of which terminate io a poin!.
r.b/e·DIAMo ND i6 that whichhas a large Cquare faceal
top, encomparred wilh fou! lerrer.
B,.i/lianl DI AMOND is Ihat cut io Caces bOlh al top and
bOllom i anu whoCe rabie, or priocipalface at 10p, is
Oa!.
DI AMOND, in lhe glafs.trade, an inllrument ufed for
fqMaring lhe large piates or pieces; and, among gla.
ziers, for cUliog their glaCs.
TheCe Cort of diamonds are difTerently filled up;
Ihal uCed for large pieces, as looking·glarres, &c. is
Cel io ao iron ferril, aboul two inehes long, and aquar–
ler of an inch in diameter; the cavily of Ihe ferril
beiog filled up wilh lead, 10 keep Ihe diamood firm:
there is alCo a haodle of box, or ebony, fitted 10lhe
ferril, for holding il by:
DlA~IOND, in heraldry, a lerm ufed for cxprelling Ihe
black colour in the atehievemeols of peerage.
Guillim does not approve of blazooing Ihe coats of
peersby preeiuus nooes inflead of melals aod colours;
bUI lhe Eoglilh praaice allows il. Morgan fays the
diamond is anemblemof fónilude.
DI ANA;: ARBOR, or ARBOR LUNA:, in cheminry, lhe
beautiful crynallilalioos of film, dirrolved in aqua
fortis, 10 which Come quickfilver is added: and Co cal·
led from their reCembliog lhe Irunk, branches, leaves,
&c. ofa me. See CII EM ISTRY.
DI ANDRIA, in lhe Linnrean fynem of bOlany. See
}lOTANY, p.635' .
DI ANO, a IOwn of Ihe Genoefe, abOUl lhree mIles from
Ihe Cea. Tite COllOlry aboul produces greal numbers
of olives.
Ol A THERA, in botany, a gcnu! of Ihe diandria
monogynia c1Afs. Tite eorolla is riogenl j aod Ihe
capfulehas lWOc1anicvalves. Thcr~ are lWO Cpectes,
bOlh o;tli.'cs 01 ,\meriea.
DL·\ JTHUS, io bOlany, a genus of Ihe dmndria di·
gynia eI.•fs. The CAlix is , aod confifls of
one leai, wilh fou r feJles al Ihe bafe ; Iheeorolla .on·
fi,h of li\~ c1awld petals i and lh~ eaplul~iscylinJncal.
and