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B U S
h~vt b"'~n urorn, nat ooly byallars, I..HH by girls. to
r.ufe their h\!ight : travcJlcl' and hllllters airo IIIJdc ute
ofit, ro dcfcnd rhemrclvcs from the mire.
Jn c11f1ic aUlhor!t, \Ve frrquc:ntly hnd lhe Ilrl!d
tO figoifr tr:t~~edy ¡t(elr, in rf&'lrd it WilS ;1. mark of
tragedy on Ihe Hage.
Ir os alCo I~ be underllood for a 10fl)' lIrain, or high
lIylc.
BUS~ io m..ilime .¡rai.., • (,n. 1I fe•.venel, ~Ced by
lIs'and lhe Dutch in lhe herring-finlcry, tOnlmonly
·from fony-eight to rixty tons bureten, aml [om(:times
more : A bufs h?s two fmalJ nrecis or c"bins, one al the
prow. and lhe other al the fiero; that al the pTOW
lC-[ves for a k¡tcl1t~n.
Every bufs has a maner, an "ffiO"nt, a mate, and
fe,,'rnen in proportion to the veOcl's bigol{s: lhe ma–
Her commands in chief, and without his ar–
der the nets cannot be can, nor ("n up; lhe a(]ift..
ant has lh'e ('ommand after him j and the mate next,
whofe bufineC, is tO Cce lhe reamen mannge theír rig.
ging in a proper manner, lO mind thofe ""ha dra"" in
lheir neu, and thor~ who kili , gut, and cure the her–
rings, as they are taken out of the fea: The (eamen
do gcnerally engage for a \Vhole in Ihe lurop.
The provífion which the~' , ..ke on bo.ard the bulfl's,
confin commonly in bilket. oal-meal, and dricu or
{.lit filh i lhe crcw bcing content for the ren wuh ""hat
frefh fifh Ihey caleh. See FrsH E.. ss.
BUST, or BUSTO, io fcu lplure, &r. · a lerOl "fed for
the 6gure or ponrait of a perfon in relie\'o, fhcwiog
only the hud, fhouldeu, aod fiomach, the arms be·
ing lopped off: it is ufu.ily placed on a pedenal or
coorole.
M . Yelibicn obfe...es, Ihal Ihough, in rainling. one
may fay • 6gure . ppear< in bullo, yet ir is OOt pruper·
Iy called a bufl; Ihat word "eiog coo60ed 10 Ihings io
relievo. The bufi is the (ame with what th.: Latin3
caBed h~rm", (rom the Greek humo , ~1ercury,. the
im'ge of lb.. god being frequeody reprereoted io th..
manner by the Atheni.ans.
HUSTARD, in ornirhology. See OTls.
llUSTUARII, in Rom.n aOliqui,y, gladialor. who
foughl abouI Ihe bullum. or fuoeral pile ~f a deeeaf.d
perfon of dillintlion, io Ibe ceremony o( hlS obre~u ..s.
This eu!lom w•• round 10 be lefs barbarous Ihao Ihe
firfl pra8ice was of facrificing captivcs óLt the bunú'm,
or on the tomb of warrion; infiances whereof we
meet with both in Roman and Greek antiquitits.: lhe
blood fpil, on Ihi. oeea60n. was fuppofed 10 . rpe.are,
by w.y o( faerifiae, Ihe in(ernal gods, ,ha! Ihey mlghl
be more propitious to the manes of the decn(ed.
.BUSTUARIJE MotCH":, .<cording 10 fome, womeD
tha[ were hired ca accompilny the funeral, ::tno lamento
Ihe lof. of Ihe ~eceaf.d: bUI olhcrs .re of opioion,
,hat thcy were rather the more conllOon prollitutes,
,h.1 flood amoog Ihe 10mb., grave., .nd olher fueh.
lonely plaees. ..
BUSTUM, in ánliquity, a pyr>mld or Plle .o( wood
upon \Vhieh were <anci<ntly pl.eed ,he bod.., of Ihe
dece.fed, in order to be burnt. S(¡me amhols ray.
tba!. it wa.s propcrly e.l1ed bullum .fter Ihe bur",ng,
n U T
9U "¡; /JI/U U.J1I1fIl; thar before the burn;ng it was cal.
1t::~tJl"(l. ílnd l~uflng the burniog. r"cuI .
1he buO um 10 the Campus Ma rtius \'las e"COmpar.
red rOllnd with whir.c none, tlnd flll iron rail.
BUTCfI ER, a perfon who n.ugh«" callle lor Ihe uf.
of lh(! u ble, or ",ho cut3 up and rctails the f.lme.
Among the andent Hom:lns. thtre were three kind,
of eUabldhed butch<>rs. whofc ofliee was (O furnifh the
cit~ \Vith the ne~e(f.lry eattle, ..nd to ta!<e Cítrt of fre.
p.mng and \'endmg their Rdh , T he ftlarii pro\'iclcd
hogs; lhe pecuarii or boarii, orher canje, efpecia1Jy
oxen; and under thc:re W3S a f\lbo,dinate clafs, whofe
office WítS tO kil1, C;¡llcu IclDii, and carniGces. T o
eXt!rcife lhe oRlce of butcher among the Jews witn
dextt!rity, was or mOfe I'f'put~tinn thun to underlland
the liberal arts :md fdences. They have a book con.
cerning OlambJe-conllitution: and in caf: of ~ny diffi–
eulty. Ihey . pply 'o fome le>.rned r.bbi for .d,iee:
nor was any ctllowtd to praaife this ~I t, without a
Jicence in form; which ga\"e the man, upon evidence
of his abilities, a powcr tO kili mear, ;:¡nd other! tO
eal what he k,lIed; pro\'ided he carefully r(~d e\'ery
wcck for one year, and every month the next year.
anu once a qu~l'ter during his Jlfe, lhe conlliultioll a.
bo\'e mentiontd. \ Ve h4ve fome very-good laws for
the better regulatioo and prl!yentin~ {he abufcs Como
n""ed by bUlehe... A bUleher Ih.1 Cells f\Vioe's flcfl\
mcazl..:d J or dc:ad of lhe murrain, for Ihe lira orrencc
{hall be amerced; for the (ccond, llAve me pilloiy ;
for Ihe Ihird. be imprifooed and ouke 611e; aDd ror
the Eounh, abjure the town. Huu:hers not fclliog
me;u al reafonable pi ices, (hall forreit dOllhle tbe va ...
lue, leviable by warr¡mt of twO julllces of the peace.
No bOleher /hall kill any in his fealding.houfe,
or within lhe w;.tlls oC LonJon. 00 pain 10 forfeit for
every 0>< fo kill.d, "d. aDd ror every olber be.f!,
8 d. 10 be divided bwvixllhe king and Ihe profeeulor.
BtI TCHER.- BIP.D) in ornithology. S~e LANIUS.
B UTCHER'S·BROOM, in bouny. S\!e Rusc:us-.
BUTE, an in. nd of Scodand, Iyiog in Ibe mDu,h of
Ihe frilh of Clyde, fouih of Cow:tl. in Argrlefhiro.
It gice.s Ibe lide o( earl 10 a braoeh o( Ihe SI"." fa–
mily. Bute aod C..hncrs fend only one member 10
parliament between lhern, each choofiog. in its \Um,
wheleo( Bu,e has Ihe 6rll.
BU lEO, i" ornitl\ulogy, Ihe trivial Damo of. rpeeie•.
of(aleo. See FALco.
BUTLER, Ihe mme aociently given lo ao·offieer in Ibe
eoun of France, being roe fame as the grand echanfon,
or great cup-bearer of che prefent times.
BUTCE R, iD the common acceptalioDof ,he word, is a.D
officer in the houfes uf princes,and great men, whofe
Jlrincipal b\lfincfs is to look. after the \Vine, pIale, &r.
BUTLERAGE of wioe, is a duty o( "'o (billiogs for
every ton of wine iml'0rted by merchants llrangers;
being a compofition in lieu of the Jiherties and free–
doms graOled 10 Ihem by king Jobn and Ed""d lo
t;y a ch.aner called charla mtrlo'úf,,";¡J.
Butlerage w" origio.lly Ihe only e Ihal was
payabtc upun the imrortadon of wint:" ilnd w:u taken
...,d re«i"ed by \'inue of tbe rega! prcrogative, for
eh.