47 / 1060
.
'
Boo!\
~
.
Royal .
C01nmentaries~
Sou.cbwani
~he
ounrrey
Co//,i,
which xrend
it
~elf
to
the
Z
ur.
In
thefe four
Provinces
~re
COtnI
rehended
mat
y gr
at
ountnes,
~~ld
amongfi: the r
a
t
K~ngdom.
pf
Chile,
whi h
co
t~ins
about
600
L~ague
m
leogt~
towar9
t .;
~ur,
2
nd is
within
the
Province
of
Colla;
a1
d
tl
e
mgdom
of
f2.!!_1t11-,
which
b
w1ch–
i
the
~v\(i
n
of
Colla.,
run
409
Le'!_gues to the Nonhwal'd :
~o
that
t?
name
thofe
uart~r
,
is
a
much
as
t
fay, Eafl:
and
Vv
ft,
&c.
acrordmg
to
V\-h1
h>
the
{>rincipal
way
leading
to
th
City
w
re
f
o
all~d.
Tl
~
fncM
laid
on method.
~od
rul m
.th
1r
Gov~rnmenr,
a
the beft m
a~s
to
~revent
all
mif< hi fs and
d1f<
rd~r
; \:
bICh
was
th , ·That of
~11
th
e?Pf
i
every
place, , 1hecher m re
or
lefs, a R
~W:er
(hould
be
l
ept ,
and a
i
v1f!on
m~de
of
ten
and
ten ; ver \
hich
o
e
of the
ten,
horn
they all d the
cu–
rion
wa
made Superi
nr
o
r
th other niC)e ;
then
ev~ry
five
Div1fi
ns
F
tl
s
(iardi·e
l~
a
D
curion ver
the1:i,.
to ' 'horn
wa comtl}1tt d
the
.harge. an
~ car~
of
fifty;
then over
the
two
DlV{ton,c;
f fifty a
upenour
Decun
n
~\a
con{ .r
tuted to [t)pervife a
handr~d;
fo
.twe
D~vi(ion
of
a
~m_ndred
1
ad
thf;~r
C · tam
which
comrnflnded
five
bund.req;.
4od
lafily,
ten
Div1fions
had
the.t,r
Geoeral
ov r a thoufaµd;
f(
r no
e urion had a greater
nqmb~r
to
g
rn
or
accou
ot
for;
the
charge of one thoufaoo b@ing
efieemed a
fuffi
1ent
are
·for
any
that
by
bi~
Un.der-Officers
w
uld
und~rtal\e
to account
for
bis peo
le,
aod
rul
theqi
well.
1
· I
l:he DecUJ
i
Q~
of ten had a double
duty
incwnb~ot
on
t
1em,
one
~as ~1t_1
qilig~n(.:e
and care
to
fu
cour,
and
fullain
thofe
yvl
ich were und r
their
D1v1...
(ion;
giving
an a
count
t
1
i:;
u eriour Officer, m
c;afe
any
of
them
fhould
be
in want
or
neceffity of any thing ;
a~
of
Corn
to
fow
or
eat,
or
Wool to
cloat~1
tberp
or Materials
to
re-build
tneir
bouft s, defiroyed
by
fire, or 4ny other
acc1r
<;lent,~
or fi1ould fall into
any
xtremity
whatfoev~r.
His other
duty
wa
to
be
Cenfo~
Morutp,
or Monitor of their a6tions, taking notice,
and
giviQg
information
oi t:be
faults and
frregularitties
of
rhofe
ul)der
him, which
he
was
to report to
bis
Superiour Officer ; \ ho, according to
th~
nature
of
the
Mifdemeanour, h.ail
the power of
puni!hrnent;
howfoever, the lower Officers
had
p
wer
to
chafhie
the le!fer
defaults; that
fo
for
eveLy
petty
Mifdemeanour,
they
needed not
to
have
recourfe to the Superiour, or General of them
all ;
wh reby
delays
in Law-fuits
were avoided, and long proceifes, which tire and confume the people, were fpee–
dily
ended;
and.·litigious
Caufes
and vexatiou
ACl:ions determined without
A~
-
.
peals
from ne Judge
to
another; and in
cafe
of publick differences
benveen
two
Provinces, they were
always
decided
by the definitive fentence of one
J
u.fii e,
·which
the
Inca
confHtuted
by
a
f
pecial
Commiffion.
-
What
Officer
foever, either of higher or lower
degr e,
that was negligent or
remifs in his
duty
incurred a penalty agreeable to the nature of his
default.
If
he adminifl:red not the affifrence required, or
neglected
to Indill: an Offender,
though
it
were
but
the omiffion of ne day without
a lawfull
excufe; he\
as not
onely
liable
to anfV\. r for his own
default,
but
to
receive
t1
e
punifhnenr due to
the crime of the Offendour. And
in
regard
every one
of rhefe
Decurions had
~
Superiour over
him,
who eyed
and~
atched
his
attions,
they
were all dilig
nt
m
their
duties, and impartial in
their
jufl:ice;
no vagabonds
or
idl
perfons
durfl:
appear,
or
tref
paffes
wer~
committed
?
for the Accufation was
readily
brought in
and the
punifhment
was.
rigorous,
which
in
man~
fmall
cafes
vvas
even
capital
{
not
fo
much for the fin
1t
felf,
as for the aggravation thereof, b ing
committed
again~
the Word
and Command of the
Inca,
whom they
refpected
a a God ·
and
_though
the
Plaintiff
or the
iniured
perfon were willing to let
fall
hi
uit,
and
~emit
the
penal~y
to the
Offc
ndour; yet the courfe of the Law will fiill proceed,
impofing
a
pumfhment agreeable to the quality
of
the crime either
death
or
firi}?es,
or
banifbrnenr,
or
the like.
'
'
In
Families
firiCl:
fev
rity
was obferved to keep their Children within the
ruies
of
modell:~
and
decent
behaviour : for there were Laws even againft
the
ill
man–
ners of Children; for
whoCe
mifcarriages
the
Decurion, as ''ell as the
ather
was
refponfible
.=
So that the
Children of
the
Indian.r,
\vho
are
narnrally of
a gen:
tle and. complymg temper,
are
educated in great awe, and
made modefi by
the
correchon
~nd
example of their Parents.
So
In
~imes
of
\N'
ar the Generals and
Captains
affumed the
fame power over
their
uld1ery, and took the fame care of them,
as
the Decurions did in the
cirne
of
Pea~e,
whofe Offices (
befides
the matters before mentioned)
oblig~d
chem
to
F
t~e