415 / 1060
.
BooK
IX.
Royal
Cqmmentaries.
C H
A
.P. . XXXI: ,
Of the
new Na11u1s
given to
difiinguifh
their [e?Jeral
Tribes,
or Generations.
B
UT the heft and moft to be efreemed of
all
thofe things which were cranf–
ported into the
Indies,
were the
Spaniards
the~felves,
and the
Negros
~hicih
are
their Slaves and Servants. From thefe two Nauons others have been derived,
which are a compound of thefe, and different mixtures which are dillingui!hed
by divers Names.
And
though
in
our Hi[lory of
Florida
we have mentioned this
· particular, yet
it
being to our prefent purpofe, it may be convenient to repeat
it
again
in
this place : die matter
is
this:
A
Spanifh
Man, or Woman, born jn
Spain,
and
come into that Countrey, is there called a
Spaniard,
or
a
Caftilian;
but the
Children born
in
the
Indies
from
Spaniards,
are called
CriJJllos,
whlch fignifies one
born·
in
that Countrey; which word
was
made by
th~
Nrgros,
for
fo
alfo they call
their own Children born in thofe pares, and thereby dillinguifh them from thofe
of
Guiny,
who are of more e!l:eem for having been born free
in
the Councrey of
their
Fathers, than thofe who were born
in
the land of Bondage;
fo
that the
Naine of
Criollo.r
is common to the race of the
Spaniards,,
and of the
Negros :
the
blond
of
a
Negro,
and an
lndiAn,
being mixed together,
is
called a
Mulata,
or
Mo–
/ata :
To
the
Children
of
this kind of
mixture
they give 'the Name of
Cho/q,
which
is
a
word .framed
in
the
lfles
of
Barlovento,
which is
as
much .as
a
Dog, and nor
a
Dog neither of the beft kind or race, but of a Cur, or Mongril, giving them the
moft deteftablej and
moft
villanous
Name
they could invent ; but the
Children
between a
Spaniard
and
an
IndiatJ
they
call
Mefti~os,
which fignifies fuch
as come
of
Spanifh
a
·
ian
bloud, which
is
a
word formed and framed by our Forefa–
thers the
Si
aniards,
who firfi: conquered this Countrey;
ana
for
this reafon
I
am
not ailiam d to own that honourable denomination, and with a
full
mouth pro–
nounce my {elf to be one of them
7
though
in
the
Indies
they take it
for a
great
difparagement for any Man to fay to one of
them;
Thou art
a
Mefti:u;,
or he
is a
Mefti:uJ,
and, for, that reafonrtl;iey take
it
to be
a
more honourable Name
to
be
qtlfed
a
Mountitnier-,
which at firft was given them
for an
.affront or difparage–
mepc, in regard that
Mountanier
is
one born and bred
in
fhe Mountains : But af–
terwards in confideration that thofe who live
in
the Mountains
of
JJifeay
and
AftH·
1'itU,
do under tqe Title of
Mountainers
affume to themfelves great Honours and
Privile_ges, the
Mefti:w1
were_pleafed with that Appellation, though indeed
it
is
onely
honourable to thofe who
are
Natives of thofe
Provinces
of
Spain,
and
not
to tliofe who qre born
in
the Mountains
of
Pett1-;
as
Antonio de Lehrixa.
attefis, to
whom
Spain
owes .much for the Eloquence of his Latine
T
oqg_ue.
~ In
the vulgar
Language of
Peru, Sacharuna
fignifies a
Moun.thiner,
and
w
hicn more properly
is
a
Salv~e;
and
fo
when they called therp
Mountainers,
it implied that they were
a
~f
Beafis,
or wild Men ; though
our
filly Parents not underftanding the true
!tiety of the word, were pleafed, and. gloried in
their
own ignominy
:
the
.
;~ren
of
Mefti:uJs
they
call
~traluo1,_
which is to fay,_that
t~ey
are three parts
Spampq,
and but one
Indian
;
but .the Childree of
a
Mefti~u,
withan
Indian
W
o.,
mCli,
they
ca~l
Trefalvm,
which is
t~ee
paftS
ln_dian,
and
bu~
one
Spanijh.
All
ihefe Names,
and
many others,j which fonxev1ty fake I omit, were framed in
my.Coumrey
J-0r
dHl:i@Ci:iop of the [ever'al generations, and mixtures of bloud ,
which
have
been
cornpounde~
fince
th~
time of the
Spaniards,
and who were
the
Authours of them? as tpey
,wer~
of triany ether particulars which
we
have
for–
merly noted.
And
fo
let us return again t.P our Hifiory of the
InctU,
who were
~efce~ded
from
Huayn~
C11p1et
the Great, whofe memorable Actions require our
attenuon.
•
3'J7