282 / 868
1\1
O N
=S5
l\'l
O N
ftlree! by :\nol hcr. \\ hofe
rrClI'0rtinn
t·,
it
is nor
phy(j~
..tlJy.
Pl"p:t
u.dly.
and
in Vd ll.lbly Ihe
Cuuc, ;.11
Ihe
1I1c::lulods
uf
ludl
;1 !1ll.:a lillt:
is !\J(L
J\ n
cx;uuplc \Vdl m.•kc this
rl.tin.
A
[out
('lJ
fll.:~lurc
is a
d~ll" lmin"le
ICllgth. 1\0
E ng-
Idh
fcltll OI<\y
he
cOI1lI',tr ed
\Virl¡ rhe:
P ,Hll
f(lm, or \.V id1
th.tlof
Ihe ({ :linc; Ih,H is 10 CIY. jI
nt~y
he mcalu –
Ic\1
by
them; .md Ihe pr opo n ion
bct w('~n
lh e-ir
Icnr.t hs
m"y
be
exprdr~,1
10 Ilumhns;
v!hich
p, oponion
\VII I Oc
the
f.llllt!
I'-:rrc:t u.dly. ' r he
Illcaruring
tite onl.!
by
the o ·
the r wdl
ol:c;\fiun
no
I1nccnail1l y ;
"otl we
lII:liy
fpCclk of
Icng,h, by
P.m
fcct, and be perfc(ily ",d l undedlúod by
othe ..
!:
\Vho "re
urt:d
to mcafure
by
Ih e
Englifh
fool, or
by the foot of thc Rhine,
Hut fuppofe ,h.. a yOllth of twelye ye" s old takes i1
ioto his
h~;td
10
rn
C;t
(u re
f.
( 11)
time to time, ólS
he
aJ\-;¡nccs
io age,
by
lhe length of
11Is
o"'n
fOOl,
and
[hat he di–
vi,les
Ihis
growing fom
into
inchn
aod
occimals : what
C<lO be
le:. rf!~o
from his accoum of mcarnres !
As
he
in ·
creare,
in
ye.Hs,
his
fOOI, inches,
ano lubdivlfions , will
h~
gradually
Il'nct ht.ning
j
aod
were
cve ly Olao ro foJl ow
his
exaOlple, and Olrafore hy hisowo foot , tht'n rhc foo t
o[ a mearl.lre now clhbl.n\ed wuuld
totilll y
ceafe
to
be ,of
any utility.
This is
jurl lhe cafe
wi th
the two
melills .
There
is
0 0
dcteimioate invariable
plOpvrtioll
uetwecn
lh~ir v. lu~;
tlnd lhe
confequence
of
th is ¡s, th;.¡ t
wlu:n
th~y
are
both
ttlken for me¡¡ furing
Ihe
value of
OI her
things, the tl,ings
lO be
meafu,~d,
like
Icngths lO be
meafurerl
by the young
man's
[OCt,
withollt
ch,.¡nl:i ng
Iheir relative proponion be–
( '.\'et n
them(eh'~s . chang~
ho\Vevc:r wil h
rerp~ét
(Q
lhe
de–
nominltions of both Iheir Oleafurcs. 1\n cxitrnple
wilI make
l his
plai n'.
L et l1S
fuppore
an ox to be wOlth three
thoufand
poul"lds weight of
whe:u,
and
Ihe
one
aud lile
other
10 bl!
\\.'onh
.lO
ounce of gold, and an ounce of
gold
tO be wonh
<x.élly fift een oll nees of f,h'cr :
Ir
the c. Ce n,ould h. p'
pen. that the proportional vall1c bel ween gold and Cil\'cr
fh ould
come
[O
be as 14 is
I~O
1,
\\.'ould
nut Ihe OX , and
conf':'luently Ihe 'whe.t,
be: e/limatto
at
lees
in (il ver, ;¡nd
more in
gold.
than formedy ? F.trther, would it be in
l he
power of any
Hate
10 preven l
Ihis
".lri;41ioo
in lhe
mt arUre of Ihe
vJlue
of
ox rn
and
",heat. WilhOllt
pUlIing
ioto
lhe unit
of their mQoey lefs
Cih'cr
al)(1 mOl e golJ than
formerly.
•
lf
therefore any particular
('-te
n,ouJ.i
fix
the fl.ndud
of Ihe
uni l
of
(heir
money 10 ooe
rpecles
of
lhe
metals,
while in
fJa
hoth lhe one
ano
the
olher are
~,(lual ly
t'm·
ployed
in me..
fu ring valul!
¡dIJes
n(,t
(uch a
{l Are'
lefem–
"'le
the young
man,
who
me..
fules
tllI
hy
IIIS:
glt>wing
(oot?
Fur
if
(jI
er.
for examvle.
ht:
rc.:t,lIl1t:d KS Ih,,'
f1rtnda rJ ,
whilc il
is
grtining
upon g'
Id
fine
li ltec:ndl ;tc!t!l4onA.1 VA.
lue : :md
ir
gold
continuc ..
11
Ihe
whíle
t~
dt. ll ll1ltne
Ihe
\·....Iu:
of Ihings
a. \Vell
dS
(jl vc..'t,
il
IS
pl.!ln, dl.H.
lel
311
10-
leolS
and purpufes,
thls
rih'er-rne
tfml'
IS
h:,'gtlu_ lllOgdrli–
Iy,
like
the )'ollng
man's .f"'hl, tinct; Ihe
f.ullC \
e
).!h e
of it
muO
becom~
e\'tr\
day
('1"1\
dCIIl 10 Illnl('
:\IId more af
the lame commo<lity: n" I\\1t1dl.n,linL:
tla.H
\H
fuppofc
lhe
fame
Jlro;'lortion tO
fuhlitl,
v.fIIl,n"l
lile It .lf! \·;al i.ltion.
betwern thd.t
cOlllmodity
~n.1 ~'Lry
utllLr
Ipcci(! or
lhings
. lien¡able
Buy,ng ami fclling are r u,dy cum'cntion,l,
ano
no
maa
is obliged
to givc
J¡is
mcn.handize at what
nla,.
be Cup'"
PI) (~J
( O
be
lhe prOpOrl lUn
of its \Vorth . '1
lit
ule, lhcrc·
"H e'o(
an uni ,·cll ...
1
ml'af'llre,
¡s,
tO
n~itrk.
Hllt
onl)'
the
re·
I.lIi\'c ,',due of
Ihe IlIings
[O whlch il
is appli ,
cl
:.I~
a mea·
ftl re . OUt
lodifl:over
io
an
inHan (
lhe proponíon b<[ween
Ihe
\f.tlue
of lhafc . ¡¡nd
01'
every olher
COllH1l0oily
va lued
hy
;t
dl.'termin:u c
med.fure
in all che cou ntries of the
walld.
\ Vcre pounds flerlin g, liv rcs, Oorins, pi.Ures,
&c,
whieh
are al! maney of
~c<count,
invaFial"le
in their
v.dues,
W!lU
a
racility
would il produce
io
all
convcrfjons,
what
an
a(Ji lbncc
[O trade! Hut <\s
they are all
limileJ
or
fi xed lO
coins, and
con(cC)uently
\'ary from
time
10 ,time,
this ex·
ample
n\~WS
the
mility of
lhe
invariable me<lfure wbicb
we
have dercri bed.
There
is another circum(lance which incapacitatcs the
metals
from performing ,he oRi ce of moncy
j
lhe fubnance
of
which
lhe coin is
O1ade,
is a commodllY. which
rifes
and fin ks
in
ils
vcllue with
refpl'ét to Otiler commodilic!,
8ccordiog to lhe
wants, cOOlpetilion,
and
ca pri l'es
of man–
kind .
, 'he ;¡dvantage. therefore, fouod
in
puning an
in ..
trinGe
valuc iot o
thal
(ubfh nce
whir..h
performs
the
funttioo
of money of
acccnnc,
is compenrated by Ihe inftttbiJity af
lhat
inr I
¡nCie
value ;
and the ad,'aolage
oblained
by
the
tlal>il"y of p.per, or fymbclicol money, is co01penC.ted
by the defeét it eo01monly has of not l>eing at
all
times
ru(ceptible of
n:alíz.uion
ioto
folid
property or
intrinfic
valuc.
I o'bloer, lherefore , to rcoder material
money
more per..
fea ,
this qualif y
of
metal,
that
is, of a commodilY ,
rh ..
uld
be t<lke n from
it;
and in
order 10 render
paper·money
more perf('(t.
il OUZhl
10
be
made
1,.0 circulale UpOD me·
tallic or
land
(ccunty.
lL
T'here
are
(everal fm aller incoo. enicnces accom·
panyíng
lhe
u(t:
of
(he
111et<tls, which
\Ve
(h;¡\1
here
nlon ...
Iyenumerate.
1
lIJO
N o
money
made
of
gold
or fi l\'er
can
ci
rcul.nelong
wilhaut 10Cing
of
jls
weight. ahhough
it
all along
plC'ft!rves rhe
fdm~
deooll'lintttion.
Thís
repr~f<:nts
the con·
trA(ling
a
pai r of companes whielt had bcen rightly adjufl–
ed to the Jeale ,
2 dQ
Anolher inconvenience procecds from
the
{abrí ...
cation
of
rnoncy.
Suppofing
(he raith
of
Pricccs
who
coi n money lO be
inviolable, ttnd lhe
prcbity
as
well as
cap.\dt y
of
thofe
lO
wh,,") they
com;:!1Ít
Ihe in(peaioo
of
t h~
fi nencfs
of
Ihe metals
10
be
[uflicierH, il ¡s hardly
poOi ble (or wúrkmen lO render every piece
e",a81,.
of a
pwper .....
eight, or
10 pre(erve
rhe
due proportion
uet\\'ecn
rirccs
01' o"i'at'nt
delHHlIin;uions;
th eU
is 10
fay, to
makc
(\fC1y
ten (jxpcncrs
exa{l ly
(,1'
Ihe fJnle
wcighl
with every
crov.-n.pi¡·cc
i'lrlJ
every
¡¡"e
(h¡J1inr.s
1I1 uck
in
ii
coinace.
I n
p:nportlon
10
fuch ioaccurdcies,
lhe parts
oC
lhe
fcale be·
C(lIl1e
unt'qlltl.l.
3fio
Another inconvenience. and
fa r from
bci ng in–
cor.fider.tble. fl ows (roOl
lhe
cxp~ncc
requifi,c fa r
lhe:
coinigg
()r
tlJoney. This
cxpencc
ildJs
10 ilS
valuc
as
a
Olanuf.....:Iul'c. wilhaa t ae!ding
:4.Oything tO
ilS weight.
1'0.
1 'he
lan
ioconve oi~nce
¡s,
that
by
fix ing
lhe
money
o[
acconnl entitcly 10 the coin,
WllhOUI having
any inde–
pt'nd<:nt
common nll'arurc
(to mark and conll ol Ihefe: de·
vjations flom malhcmaticlll
cxa~ O{rS,
which are
('ilher
•
iofcp,arabk