1000000030

-;1

From turnir,g ,n ¡he 'meriJian, ",hilll ¡:ou turn

¡h~

wdl

di¿e of

Ih~

hurizon towards )'ou.

PROJl. l.

r o }mJ

Ih,

1.lil"," al1d

101l.~ilud<,

an)'

.ti",n

pltra 1I/,.,r

,he

gl.be

T uro the r.lobe 00 its axis,

'uoti! ¡he given place

com~s

e.•nélly uoder that graduated

1i,ie

01'

¡he

~raf"o

meridian, on \\'hich tbe dcgrees are

Ilumbered froOl the

e~ualOr;

aoJ obíerve

,,1m

degrce of

1he

meridi~n

lhe place then liéS unde; \\ hich is its lali–

lude, north or foutb, as .lhe place is nOllh or [oulh of

Ibe equ3tOr.

The globe remaioiog io this por.tion, the degree of Ihe

equator, whicl; is

uod~r

Ihe brAfeo

meridi~n,

is the lon–

gitude of the place IVhich is eafl or we/l, as

th~

pldce lies

on the cafl or wdllide of the firll merid1:ln of the globe.

- AIl

the AtI.mic Ocean, aod America, is

the

w~fI

lide of themeridl.n of Loodoo; and lhe grealcll par!

of Europe, aod of ."frica, together wi¡h

all

¡\.fi., is on

Ihe

e.lr

lide of

Ih~

meridi.\n 01' Loodoo, whi<h is rec!:–

oned tbe

firjl /luridiaJl

of the gloue by t:le Brililh glO'

~raphers

aod .flronomers.

PRO·B.

Ir.

rhe

lon<eillld~

alrd lali/llde

a place

De–

.;ng

gi.en

, lopná ,hal place

Ihe ghh,.-Look for the

giren loogiludein the equator (couOliog it <JI!IVal d

well–

",ard from the fi rll

m~ridiao

as it is OIentiuned 10 be eall

or IVell;) aou briog the poiot of loogitude io lhe equa–

lor to the brafeo

meridi~o,

Gn ·tha! fide \\ hich is above

the fOUlh poiot of the horizon : lhen couOt from the e–

<¡uator, on lhe brafen meridiao, to the

d~gree

of ¡he gi–

'Veo latitude, towards the oorth or fOUlh pole, accordiog

.as the latitude i9 north or

f~uth;

and uoder tltat degree

of latitude on tbe meridiao, you wiIJ bare .the place re–

quired.

PRO B.

IlI.

r 9 find

Ihe

diffmn;e o[

hng;l"á~,

differwee

lalillld" brl'W"fI afl)' IW9 giv,n rlflen.–

Briog each of thefe places

the brafeo meriJian, aod

fee whal ilS latitude is : dIe letrer latitude

fubtraél~d

from

the greater, if bOlh places are on the fame fide of lhe

eqnalOr, or both latitudes added IOgelher, ,if lhey are 00

dilimot r.des of it, js the diíl'moce of latitude requireu.

And the oumber of degrees contaioed bel.'eeo thefe pla–

ces, reckooed 00 the cquatOr, when Ihey are brought

feparatdy uoder the brafeo meridian, is their difrereoce

of longitude; if it be lefs th:m

180 :

'but if more, let i!

be fubtraéled from

360,

and the remajnder is Ihe ditre–

reoce of loogilude required. Or,

Haviog brought ooe of Ihe pl. ces

the brafen meridi·

:to, aod fet the hour-incex 10

X[[,

turo lhe globe until

the olher place comes to the brafeomeridiao, aod lhe num–

ber of hours aod p. rts of an hou r, pafi OVer by lhe io–

dex, wjlJ give the loogilllde io time; \Ihich may beeafily

reduced to degrees, by alJ"wing 15dcgrees foreveryhour,

and ooe degree fo r everJ four mioutes.

N B.

Wheo·we fpeak of briogiog aoy place to

lh~

!>rafeomeridian, it is the gradumd

r.de

t~e

meliJian

that is meant.

P RO Bo

IV.

Any pl,;ee btílJg given,

jir.rI

all Ih0ft

pI_m

Ihal

ha~e

Ihe

fm/(

1.lJgilud,

.,'

lal;lud, ,vílh íl.

-Ilriog the given place to lhe brafeo Olelidi,n, Iheo all

thofe places which lie under Iha! fide of lhe meriJiao,

from poie tO poJe, have Ihe (ame loogilude witll thegiven

place. Turn lhe globe round lIS axis, aod all Ihofe pla-

VOL .

No. 54.

y ,

ces .,.·hich pafs uoder the Ilme degree of the

meriJi~n

that the giren pl,ce

d~:s,

hll'e tht

IJm~ latitu~~

"'\llt

that place .

Since all I"ilud", are reckooed from the equator, aDU

all loogiludes are f<ekooed from the lirfl m, ridiao, it

e\'ideot, ¡ha! the poiot

el'

lh~

equltor II'hlch is CUt by the

firft

nmidian, has oe:ther -Iatitude

o~r

loogitude.-The

~,eatell

latitude IS

degre'6,

b~caufe'

no place is mor:

thao

degrecs frol\l theequ¡lIor. Aud the greatdl lon:

gitude is

180

.legrees, b,caufe 00

plac~

is more thao

18J

degrees from lhe firll meridiano

P~.OB.

r ofind

Iheaotceci, perjceci.

Iná

. otipodes,.

ni,)'

gÍt" .,

rl_e.',-Bnog

the gi,eo place 10 the

brar,~

meridi.o ; aod Iiaviog fouoJ ilS I."itude, kecp the globd

io tha! filUation, aad COIlOI lhe faOle number of degr:el

of I"itude froOl Ihe equHor tVWards the contwy pole

aod.. whcre the reckooiog

~ods,

you h?I·e lhe

a'IlIr:;

Ihe gireo place Up00 the globe. l'hofe wbo live

th~

eqtl~tor

have no

al1IC·cí.

The globe remaioiog io the fame poGuon,

f~t

the hour–

iodex 10 the upper

X[[

on the horary cirde, aod tUI'll

the Cluu, ulttil the index comes to the 10IVer

Xl!;

Iheo,

the place which lies uoder lhe meridiao, in the

f.me

lati.

titude widt the gi" en pl"ce, is the

peri6J.-i

required.

T hofe \Vho

liv~

at the poles hare 00

p"íc:.-i.

the globe nolV Hands (Wilh the iodex at the lower

XII )

,he

al1l;po.1(1

of the gi\'en place wiIJ be uoder th$

fame POiOl of the brafen meridiao \\,here its

_nlec;

fioad

before. Every place upoo the globe has its

alllipe1".

PROBo

VI.

r ofind/ heáijlap.edfl,v<tn

ony

I,voplaelten

Ihe globe,-Lay

the graduated edge of the

~uadrant

altitude over both the places, and couot the oumber 05

de¡;l'ces iltlcrcepted bctweeo Iheot on the quadraot; lhen

mulliply thefe degrees by 60, aod theproduél wiIJ give

tito

diflaltce io geographical miles: bu! tO fiod the dillance

io miles, mulllply lhe degrees by

69t,

aod the produét

will be the oumber 01 mill'S required. Or, take the di·

fiance betwixt aoy two places wilh

pair

compa(J'es,

and apply that extent tO Ihe

e~uator;

the oumber of de.

grees, iotercepled belll'ten the puiots of the companes, is

¡he dillaoce in degrecs of a grea! cirde; which m"y be

redueed eilher

geogr:tphic,¡1miles, or tO Englilh miles,

as abol'e.

PR ono

VrI.

place &n Ih,

gl.he

be;ng g;V(1/, .nJ

¡II dij/al/ce

[r.",

al/J olh" plo«, lo find

.11

Ihe olh,,,

placa

"pOli

Ihe

.~/obe

,v/oiel, are al Ihe lame dij/ane:

[1'0111 Ihe

gi.fI,

place.-Briog

the ci\'en place to the bra·

fco meridiao, aoJ ferew the quadr;.nt of altitude to the

meridian, direélly Ol'cr thal place; then keepiog Ihe

globe in that politioo, turo Ihe

q,,~draot ~uitt

rOllnd up–

on it, aoJ the degree of the quadraot lha! tOuches the

fecood

pl.ce

will pafs over all lhe olher places wllich

ale

e~u,lIy

Jillanl wilh it frolll lhe

~ir1:o

pldee.

This is the faOle as ir noe foot 01' a p.i r of

compatr~

was fet io the gi<eo pl.lce, and Ihe other foot exteod(d

tothe fccood place, whore dilJ ao,c is known; for il' the

compalres be theo lurned rOllnd Ihe firll place as a

ceotr~ ,

the olOvittg fOllt wdl go orer

.11

lhule I'},ccs ",hi,h are

lhe f,me dilJance Wilh lhe fC(ond

(,0111

il.

P ROS.

Vrrl.

r l,t he"I'

Ihe

d:ry al "")' pln"

Dtir:{

Ci.II/,

fl/,rI

01/

If,ro[e

plnw

"V ~"I"

j¡

11<:'

lb":

; Jj

li"

: .