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D E S
lime¡ Ihe oefign is coloured, Ihal is, colnurs:He laid
on much like IhoCe inlended for Ihe granJ IVork.
The enenlial requlfiles of a defign are correaneCs,
good lalle, el"gAnce, ch..aaer, O,vtrfi,y, exprcllion,
and perfpcai.e. Corrcanefs depends on Ihe jullnefs
<lf Ihe proponinn!, and knolVledge of an' lomy. Tane
is a cemin OIanner of eorreanefs peculi.. 10 one's
Cdf. d" il'ed eilher from nalure, mallers, or Iludies,
or all of Ihemuniled. Eleg,nce a delicacy Ihal
nOI only flrikes perfons Qf judgmenl, bU I communi·
c.les an agreeablenef, Iha, pieafes univerfally. The
charaacr is IVlm is pectlliar to each Ihing, wherein
there mufl be di.erfiIY, infomuch Ihal every Ihing has
ils peculiar ehmaer 10 diningui!h it. The e' prenion
is the reprefentationofinobjetl,aceording lO the eireum–
flanees il isfu ppofed to be in. PerCpeelive is the reprefen–
talionofIh~ pamofapaintingor afigure, aecordingtothe
litoation Ihey are in with regard 10 the point of fight.
The defign or draught, is a part of the greatefl import
and exlent in paiDting. Ir is acquired chieRy by genio
us and application, rules being of leCs avail bere than
in any other branehes of the art, as colouring, 6e.
The principal rules Ihat regard defignare, that novices
to copygood originals at fi rn fight;
not tOuCe fquares in drawing, lefl they fli nl and con·
fine their judgment; tO defigDwell from life, before
Ihey praélife perfpeaive; to learo to adjull the fize of
their figures to the .ifual angle, and the diflance of the
eyefromthe model or objea; 10 mark out alllhe parts
of Iheir defign before they begin 10 !hade j lO make
their conlours in greal pieees, without talting notiee of
the Iinle mufcles, and other breaks; to make them–
maflers of Ihe rules of perfpeéli •• j tOobferv.
Iheperpendicular, paralJel, and dillanee of e.ery flroke ;
lOcompare and oppofe Ihe par!S that mee! andtraverf.
the perpendicular, fo as to form a kind of fquare in
lhe.mind, whieh is Ihe great and almofl the only rule
of defigniog juflly; lOhave a regard not ooly 10 the
model, but to the par!! already defigncd, there being
00 fueh thing as defigning \Vilh liria junoeCs, but by
compariog aod proportioning eoery part tO the 6rll.
Alllhe other rules relate ID perfptaive. See PEk–
HECTIVE.
DESION, Ihe Maeedonian naOle of Ihe month calJed
by Ihe Alhenians anthellerion.
DESISE, a tOIVn of Franee, filualed on the river Loire,
Hleen mib foulh.eafl of Nevers: E.long. JO12', N.
lal. 46° 48'.
DESPOTICAL, in general, denoles any Ihing Ihal is
uDeonlrouled and ahfolulc; but i, putieularly uCed for
~n arbitr"y go.ernmenl, where lhe pOIVer of ,he prinee
ISunhmited, and his IVill a law to his fubjells : fueh
are Ihofe of Turky, Perfia, aod moll of Ihe ,,.¡Iern
~overnll1ents j and even thore of Europe, if we exeepl
Ihe republies, our own, and Ihc SweJilh governOl~ol .
DESPOU ILLE', io heraldry, Ihe whole ealc:, II,in, or
lIough of a beafl, wilh Ihe head. flCI, " il. aod all
a.ppurtenances, fo tha< being filled and flufl',J Illyoks
Itke Ihe entire erealure.
DESSAW, a ejlYof "¡oper Saxony, in GNOI,nv. filu,
alCo on Ihe rjvrT Elbe, lixly oliles n"llh well of Dref·
VO L·. II. No . 43. 3
D E V
d~n, anJ ruhje.'l lOIhe prinee or Anhalt DeITaw: E.
long. 12° 40" N. lat. 51° 50'.
DESSERT, or DLSA RT, a fe rviee offruils and [weel–
mem, ufually fcrved up lafl lOlable.
DE%ICCATIVE, or DES lceATlv E, in pharmaey, an
epilhel applied 10 f"eh lopical medicine> as dry up the
humoll rs nowing 10 a wound or uleer.
DESTI NIES, in mYlhology. See P&R c ~ .
DESTI NY. among philo[ophersand djvin~s. See F4 TE .
DESTRUCTION, in general, an allm lion of any
thiog from its nalural nate 10 one contraey 10 nature j
whereby il is deemed Ihe faOle with eorruplion. Sec
COH UPTI ON.
A ehemieal deflruaion, or corruplion, is nOlhingbUl a
refolulion of Ihe wholenat"rallymilI! bodyiOloiuparl!.
DESUDATION, in medicine, a profufe aod inordinalc
fweal, fuceeeded by an eruplion of pullules, ealled fu–
damina, orheat pimples.
DET'ACHMENT, in mililary afrairs, a eertainnumber
of [oldiers ~rawn out fromleveral rcgiments or eom–
paoies equally, to be employed as Ihe general Ihinks
proper, whelher on aD attaek, at a fiege, or in parties
10 [eower Ihecountry.
DETERGENTS, in pharmacy, rueh medicines as are
nOI onlyfoflening and adhefive, bUI alfo, by a peeuli .
ar .a ¡',iIY, eonjoined wilh a fuilable eonhgum ion of
paru, are apt to abrade ano carry alon~ with Ihem
[ueh partides as thcy lay hold nn in Iheir paITa~e.
DETERIORATION, Iheimpai ringor rendering aIhing
worfe: il is jull the rever[e of melioralion. See Mi –
LIOk ATIO N.
DETERMI NATION, in mechanies, fignihes much Ihe
wilh Ihe Icndcncy or direélion of a body in mo–
tÍon. See lsIEc HA NlCs.
DETER "I NAT ION, among fchool·divines, is an :té! of
divine power, limiling the ageney of Teeond eaufes, in
every inflanee, to IVhallheDei lypredefli naled CODeern–
iDg them. SeePkE DE STINATI ON.
DETERSIVES, in pharmacy. See DE TERGE NT S.
DETHMOLD, a tOIVn of Weflph.lia, in Germany.
fifleen miles north of Padcrborn: E. loog. 8° 35',
N. lar. p0.
DETI NUE, in laIV, a IVril or aélion Ihat lies againn onc
who h" gOl goorls or olher thinr,s dcli vercOlo him 10
keep, andafterwards refu fes lOddivcr Ihem.
DETONAT ION, in eheminry, Ihe noife and e'rlnfio~
whieh . ny fobnanee makes upon the applicalinn of fire
to it. lt isallo c;1I..!fulminalion. See CHEM ISTR Y.
DETRANCHE', in hw ldry, a I:ne bendwife. proceed–
ing allVays from Ihe d~xler fideo bUI nOI frool Ihe very
augle. di'gonRlly alhw¡n Ihe !hield.
DETTINGEN, a "illageof Genn,oy, about nio~ mile~
cal! or H. nau, in ,he ei rcle of Ihe uPP" Rhloe : E.
lon~. 8° 45. and N. 1.1. ¡0° B'.
DEVA, a Porl·lown of Slnio. fitumd on the bay of
BifeAY. fony m,les eaJI of I>ilboa: W. long. l O 10',
an.1N. Ial. 43° 20'.
DI:. ENTER, a ei,y or Ihe IIniud Prol'inces••n.l pro·
vineeof Overyncl , ahouI eighl miles northor ZUlph,n:
E. lon~. 6°• •nd N lA!. 52 ° 20' .
DEV ICE, among JI"inters. S<c DEV Ise.
,. 4M DEnT ,