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4

"Four aajor tranda

were

emphalizeds (a)

a

trend toward the ability of

~uechuas

to

apeak,

read, and wrtte soma Spaniah, with an accompanying increase

of Spaniah loan

a

in their language; (b) a trend toward

Qua

eh,. lay authorahip;

(e)

a trend toWBrd the initiation of adult vernacular literacy campaio>s:

(d)

a

trend toward linguistically consistent (i.e, phonemic) alphabets adaptad

to the nativa peychology,

.A.n

asseasment of theee trenda indicated the im–

portance of having

any

alphabet takB advantage of them to ald in ita dissamina–

tion, and to avoid any conflict with them where at all possibla.

Soma

means

by which alphabate could be confol'!lllld to the trands, however, could not be

completely reconc1led. Thua, complete conformation to the Spanish alphabet

and to a phonemlc alpbabet at the

eame

time la imposslble because there are

more sounde in Quechua than there are lettera of the Spaniah alphabet.

In

general, howaver, the daslre of the conference

wu

to reconcile theae adapt&–

ticna wherever possible. Soma of the specific desires proq>ted by this

situation are given below.

"(1)

The de aire to approximate Spanlah: The neceasity for approximsting

Spaniah

ia

found in the presant oultunol educational eituation of Ecuador,

Bolivia, and Paru.

T~re

la a atrong trend toward the reading of gpaniah by

the Indiana. Thie is atrongly

promulg~>ted

by teaching in the echoola, but use

in the courts and in the economic proceed1ngs

of

the country influences thie

aa wan.

llany of theee people have learned to read 801119 Spaniah even thougb

they do not underatand all of tha material which they are able to read. Thls

meane that for the inmediata future--before thare

1s

a etrong church establiehed

which can read

~uach1Jil

fluently--that tbere

1B

already

a

minority group for the

New Testamsnt who can read Spaniah

1f

the alphabet is suffioiently adapte¡! to

the ability of thaee Indiana to racognize Spaniah chamcters.

"(3)

The deaire for an alphabet adaptad to the reading campaigns:

There la

auch a huge proportion of illiterates arr.ong ths Quechua spaaldng IndianR t.bst

there

18

a

~st

lncanti

ve

to teach them to rasd.

It

would appear from

t hc

iq>ending

ca~signa

of Dr. Laubach that tbare will be considerable efforts to

do so.

In tbat case

1t

la desirable to bave an alpbabet that la conslstant

and aa aiq>le as possibla for primer use,

"(3)

The deaire for en alphabet adaptad to the needs of advsnced readers:

Looldng fol"'llrd to a t11119 when thera will be a large public which is wall–

veraed in reading Quechua, the conference could not afford to omit eymbols

representing sounds foreign to Spaniah

ai~ly

becauee st the moment Quechua

readers of Spanieh who were couplete beginnera migbt get little or no value

from them, Bllthar

1t

becomes necessary

to

hava an alpbabet which allows the

worda

to

refleet the atructure of the language,

so

that sdvsnced resders will

find aatiafaction and

ease

of readlng because of satisfactory corraspondence

batwean sound and aymbol.

If such

a

aaund-eymbol relatlonship is lacldng,

the reader must guess st the words from lmown context, or muet memcrize lerge

numbars of arbittery spelllngs.

11'1th a phonemic spelling, on the other hand,

ha 1a able to read the sounds diractly, without awkward guessing or laborious

msmorization. Thh

e~haeized

the necessity for eymbolizing all of ths

aound

un1

ta,

"(4)

Tha

de sira for sn alphabet esailY printable in South

Ame

rica:

Inasmu.ch

aa

tbere

na a

oonalderable amount of evldence tbat authors are dsveloplng in

the• countrtee who mi¡;,t produce material for looal consumption,

1t w

as seen

that no alphabat could suffice tbat waa too awkward in typs, lnasmu.ch as local