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M A G 3
of goodneCs .nd liglll, .nd the other of evil ano dark·
n.:fs : \h:\t thcrc is .• perpclualllrugc1e belween {he""
which fllall Jan 10 the cnd of lhe wurld ; tha! lhen lhe
ang I of odrkocCs Jod his diCciples Ih311 go ioto a world
of their own, \Vhere [hey {hall be punilhcd in evt:r1art–
iog d.. koeCs; and the aogel of light aod hlS difciples
Ih,dl .Ifo go ioto a world of their own, where they Ihall
be rewlfded in cverlaCling light. .
The priens of the O1agl were Ihe mon fldlful mathe·
m;uicians and philnCophers 01 lhe ages in which they
Jived, infomllch lh.u a learned l1l:tn and a magian be–
came equinlent terms. The vulgar lookcd on their
k nowledge as more duo natur",l, and im..gi ned them
iofpired by fomo fupero.tural power : aod heoce thofe
who praEtifed wicked anct mifchiC!vous afU, taklng up'
on thernrelves lhe name of m"'gians, drew on it t!la t
il! fignification which lhe wo:d nngician now bears ¡¡–
mang us o
This fe(t nill io P err.., uoder the deoomi·
nation or gaurs, \Vhe' e lhey wateh the (aered fire wlth
the grealeCl care, and never lurra il to be extioguinled.
M AGIC, oriAio.lly C,gOlfild ooly the koo"IcJge of the
more ínblime pans of pllllofol,hy ; but as lhe magi
Jikewife profelfed anrology, .iivination and lorcery.
tbe term magi became oruous, being ufed tO Ggnify an
uol.\Vful di.boli,,1 kiod of fcieoe<, acquired by tbe
• nilho: e ..f the dev;1 aoJ dep.rtcd fouls.
MA C IC LANT ER N, in opries. See OPTlcs .
M .'\GISTE RY, io chemifl ry, • •ery powder made
by (olution and preclpitatíon.
M' CISTERY o[ Difinulh See CH EMIST EK Y, P. 90.
142
M AGISTRATE, aoy public ollicer 10 \Vhom the exe·
cutive powcr of tbe I:1w is commiucd, clthc:r wholly or
in p~rt.
M :\G A AS51SA EL ICEI"O A, is a writ anriently dírec~
ted la the nl eriff ro r fUlilmoning four I::l\vful knights
befare the jufiiccs oC ..ffize. in arder la chufe t\Vdve
kO\ghlS of the oeighbourhood. áe to p.:s upoo the
grear affize belween fuch a perron plaioufF, élnd luch a
one d,.rc:ndant.
M AGNA C HART A, the great charter of the liberties oC
BritalO, and lhe bafis of our laws and pri\"ilege-s.
T his chan er m Iy be f¡¡id tu derive ilS origin from
king Edward the Conrclfor. '",ha granteJ fc.!verf41 privi–
le~cs to Ihe churc~ ond lI"c by harter : thefe Itber·
des and privilrg"s \Vere 1.Ifo gr..med and conlirmed by
king Hcnry 1. by 1. ceh:br'Hcd grtat cluner now loH ;
but which w:n ,onfirmcd or re.~enalled hy king Henry
Il aod kiog Joh o. H-ory Ill , the fu<cenor 01" Ihis
hfi prince• .after IHl\'ing caurcd twc:lve men ta make:
inquir)' iota the libc nie"i af Englotnd in the: reir,n of
Henry 1. gr,lOt'.:d.t nc\V ch:trler, whi...:h \V.1S the lame
as lhe rrcrent m.'gntl ch.trta: tI\lS he fi:veral 1imes
conlir,n,.d anll dS oft\:n hrokc; 1111, In thirey.Ccventh
year of his rt..ign . he w~nl la Wdlminillcr hall. and
th"e, io the pr: f<oce of the oobi llly aod bifhops ,
who Itc::ld liS!htc-d c~nftles 10 thelr hands, m'Boa ch"nd
was . lh '" r. s .11 lhe .. hile holt1inl! hls hand 10
his b«.II. aoo .1I I.n I"lentol. f"'c,mng f'" 111111•• od
iaviolzbly to o f<rv ¡JI lb ' ,hin,;s tber ·in oot.Uucd,
M A H
&c. theo the binlops extiogllilhiog the caollles, and
lhrowing them on lhe graund. they all cric:d out,
H T hus Jct him be eXlinguifhcd , and (link i-n hcll. who
violates lhis eharter." lt i5 obferved. th¡u nonvith–
(hnding {he folemnity of this eonfirmation. king Hen–
ry, the very next year, agaio invadcd the righls of bis
people., 1"1 tbe barons cmered imo a \Var againfl him,
when, after v¡Hious fuccefs. he confirmed this charter,
and [he chaner of the rorel1. in the fifty Cecood year
of his reign. T his excellent charter. {o equit.tble
and beneficial 10 the Cubjt:él, is the ancientdl written
bw io the kiogdom: by the 25 EJw. I it is ordaioed .
that it 1h¡¡1I be taken as the commoll law ; and by the
43 Ed\Vard 111. .11 n..utes made ag.inn it are deda·
red tO be void.
M AGNES l.'\.. See CHEMISTR V, p. t t9 '
MAGNET. or LOAD STONE. in natural hi(lory, a \"ery'
rieh iron ore, foucd in Jarge detached ma(fes. bf a
du(ky iron grey, oftcn tinged with bro\Vnifh or r.eddilh ,
and when brokcn appearing romelhing like the common
emery, but leCs fparHng . 1t is very heavy,
nbly ,.ard, of a pecfeélly irregular and uneven fu r–
face, aod of a r,rm nro(ture, but ufually with fome
porous irregularities within. Jt is fouod in Britdin,
and all other plaees where tbere iroo mices. S ee
M ECHAS I CS •
MAGNlfYI G, the makiog of objetls 'ppear Jarger
Iban they \Vould olherwif~ do; whellee cOOVt:X Icofes,
whidl h..vc rhe power of doing this, are caJJeJ nlclgni–
fJ iog glalf.s. See OPTI CS .
M AGNITUDE, what<ver is made up of p"ts lorally
extended. oc that hath (everal dimentions; as a line,
fu , folid, áe.
M AGNOLIA, in botany, • genus of the polyaodria po–
Jyp,ynia c1dfs Thc calix co..fifts of three ICflves. and
the: corolla of nine petals; lhe caprules are imbricated.
and héln: uva valvc:s; and 1he feed is a pendulous
berry. There are four fpeeies, aJl n tives of Amerita.
f-I rlGPY, io ornith"logy. See CORVUS.
l'vIA HOM ET ANS, IhoCe \Vho belie.e io Ihe religion and
dlvine milTion of M",humel , 01 Mohammed,
It will not be im?roper here to give a general ac–
count of lhis extrilordinary pufoo. and the religion
which he had th< addrcfs to propagate over ulOn of
lhe e;tltern oation~.
Mohammcd \Vas boro in the rt'i,!n of Anllíhirwan lhe
Juft. emperor 1)( Ptrfi .. , .boul lhe cnd af lhe 6tb Ccn~
tury of the Chrifhan zn. He ('301(: iota lhe \\'orld
under fome difad\'ilntdges. His f:uhu Abd'..II .. h w .. s ...
yOlloS" foo of -\bd'Amotall<b, aod, dying \'cry youog,
and in hi~ f..ther's "fe time, lef, his wido\V and infznt
Con in vely mean circumllanccs. his whole Cubtl.¡ncc
conftlling bUI of live camds and one El Ihe–
nu'e Abd';tlmotallcb was Ihe. rerore ol li&cJ tO rdke
care or hlS grand.:hild ~1t1hd01Il1!dl ""hich he: nut only
did (itllin~ his life, bu al his dealh enjlllnec.l IlIs elddl
foo ..\ bu T .lleb, ,,'ho w;;s broth. r tO Abd'all.h by tlt"
fame mother. ro provide for ll1m for the (mur~ ; which
he vt'ry afrcllinn¡¡'ldy dicto and inflru8t"d hlm in the
bufinefs of ¡ merchaOl whlch he follow..:d i dnd 10
ead h took him into Syria wh n !le \\';15 but tbirtl.!cn,
"n1